CHAPTER OVERVIEWCOMMAND SYNTAXWHAT ARE PARAMETERS?READING A SYNTAX DIAGRAMUSING FIXED PARAMETERS WITH THE DIR COMMANDUSING FILE NAMES AS VARIABLE PARAMETERSCOMMAND LINE EDITINGACTIVITY—USING COMMAND EDITINGDRIVES AS DEVICE NAMESDEFAULTSA BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO SUBDIRECTORES—THE PATHCHANGING DEFAULTSACTIVITY—CHANGING THE DEFAULT DRIVECHANGING DIRECTORIESGLOBAL FILE SPECIFICATIONS: WILDCARDS, THE ?, AND THE *ACTIVITY—DIR AND WILDCARDSREDIRECTIONACTIVITY—REDIRECTING OUTPUT TO A FILEREDIRECTING OUTPUT TO THE PRINTERGETTING HELPInstructor: Prof. Michael P Harris Chapter 2ITSC 1405 – Intro to PC Operating Systems Command SyntaxCHAPTER 2Command Syntax—Using the DIR Command with Parameters and Wildcards LECTURE NOTESCHAPTER OUTLINE Learning ActivitiesCHAPTER OVERVIEW- Will learn to read a syntax diagram and explain the function of each part of the diagram.- Will learn some basic commands, their syntax, and how to make commands more specific.- Will be able to define prompts and explain how they are used.- The purpose and function of defaults will be explained.- Will learn how to change the default drive and directory.- Will learn how to use subdirectories and wildcards with the DIR command.- The purpose and function of redirection will be explained and then will learn how to redirect the output of the DIR command to a file or a printer.- Will learn how to use the Online Help feature.COMMAND SYNTAX- Command Syntax - All languages have rules for speaking and writing.- Syntax (word order) and punctuation of a language is important. - Computers use language that consists of vocabulary, syntax, and punctuation.- Commands. - Similar to verbs.- Action you wish to take.- Slides 2-9 Chapter Overview duplicated in the PowerPoint slides. After completion of lecture, suggest to students that they review Objectives and Outcomes found on first page of chapter as acheck to see if they have mastered concepts.SECTION 2.1 (p. 40)- Slides 10-12  User communicates with computer by using language that computer understands. Command syntax is the language, punctuation, and order needed to execute a command properly.- Discussion Question (1) - Define command syntax. Carolyn Z. Gillay, Bette A. Peat, Windows XP Command Line, Instructor’s ManualFranklin, Beedle & Associates ©2003 ISBN: 1-887902-82-1 Page 1Instructor: Prof. Michael P Harris Chapter 2ITSC 1405 – Intro to PC Operating Systems Command Syntax- GUI in Windows - still syntax and rules.- Icon that points to a program based on rules of syntax.- An error message of “Bad command or file name” is computer saying, I don't understand.WHAT ARE PARAMETERS?- What are Parameters? - Provide information to modify/qualify command. - Some commands.- Require parameters. - Have optional parameters - used for special purposes. - Do not use parameters. - Types of parameters. - Variable parameters = user supplies valueto command.- Fixed parameters = cannot change fixed value (must use value provided).- Parameters added to make action of command more specific. READING A SYNTAX DIAGRAM- Reading a Syntax Diagram. - Using DIR. - First entry is always the command.- Must be exact. - Next parameters. - Brackets - parameter is optional. - Never key in brackets. - N0 required/mandatory parameters for DIR.- DIR syntax – See Power Point slide # USING FIXED PARAMETERS WITH THE DIR COMMAND- Using Fixed Parameters with the DIR Command- DIR uses optional parameters. - Optional parameters (/W and /P are fixed).- Controls how directory is displayed.- /W = wide display. - /P = pause or paged display. - With new versions rules do not change. - DIR has both optional and fixed - Discussion Question (2) - Why is syntax important when using a command? SECTION 2.2 (pp. 40-41)- Slides 13-16 - Discussion Question (3) - Define parameters. - Discussion Question (4) -What is the difference between a variable and a fixed parameter? SECTION 2.3 (p. 41) - Slides 17-18  Use analogies.- Vocabulary (commands).- Punctuation- Syntax (order).- Discussion Question (5) - How would you use asyntax diagram? Why is the diagram important?SECTION 2.4 (pp. 41-42)- Slides 19-22) Fixed parameter referred to as switch and begins with the /.  Discuss. - Difference between slash/backslash.- Why /P more efficient than using <Pause> or <Ctrl> + S keys.Carolyn Z. Gillay, Bette A. Peat, Windows XP Command Line, Instructor’s ManualFranklin, Beedle & Associates ©2003 ISBN: 1-887902-82-1 Page 2Instructor: Prof. Michael P Harris Chapter 2ITSC 1405 – Intro to PC Operating Systems Command Syntaxparameters. - Slashes must be keyed in, brackets never.- When using DIR command by itself, files scroll by so quickly they cannot be read.- Use /P parameter to display one screen of information at a time.- Must respond to prompt before another screen of information will appear.ACTIVITY—USING FIXED PARAMETERS WITH THE DIR COMMAND- Using Fixed Parameters with the DIR Command- Note: Whenever text refers to ACTIVITIES DISK – use working copy made in Chapter 1 labeled “ACTIVITIESDISK – Working Copy"- Activity steps.- Boot system/Open Command Prompt window- Key in: CD \ then Key in: CLS- Insert “ACTIVITIES Disk – Working Copy” in Drive A and make A: default drive.- Key in: DIR /P - Press <Enter> 3 times, and/or until reach end of display.- Key in: DIR /W- Key in: DIR /P /W- Return to system prompt- Activity completed. USING FILE NAMES AS VARIABLE PARAMETERS- Using File Names as Variable Parameters - /P and /W are optional fixed parameters for DIR. - Another parameter (name of file) can be used with DIR command.- File naming review. - Files formally called file specifications. - File specifications broken into two parts:- File name.- File extension. - Conventions for naming files:- All files in a directory (subdirectory) must have unique names. - File names are mandatory.- May be less than but no more than  Reiterate any special lab instructions.  If system varies from text refer to configuration table in Chapter 1.6.SECTION 2.5 (pp. 42-46)- Slide 23  Any special lab instructions? Delimiter.- / slash.- Signals one thing ending and another beginning.- Forward slash (/) used only with fixed parameters. Mention that there is no space between / andP and / and W. - Discussion Question (6) - Name two parametersthat can be used with the DIR command. Explain why you would use the parameters.- Discussion Question (7) - Define delimiters. Give an