Jonathan Swift 1667-1745Jonathan SwiftSlide 3Slide 4Gulliver’s Travels Part IV, Chapter 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Gulliver’s Travels Part IV, Chapter 6Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Gulliver’s Travels Part IV, Chapter 7Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Gulliver’s Travels Part IV, Chapter 8Slide 30Slide 31Gulliver’s Travels Part IV, Chapter 9Slide 33Gulliver’s Travels Part IV, Chapter 10Slide 35Slide 36Gulliver’s Travels Part IV, Chapter 11Gulliver’s Travels Part IV, Chapter 12Jonathan Swift1667-1745Jonathan SwiftGulliver’s Travels : Book IV Gulliver’s crew mutinies and puts him ashore on an unknown islandJonathan SwiftGulliver’s Travels : Book IV Gulliver’s crew mutinies and puts him ashore on an unknown islandThe island turns out to be inhabited by the “Houyhnhnms”--creatures who look like horses but are more civilized and intelligent than humans, in Gulliver’s viewJonathan SwiftGulliver’s Travels : Book IV Gulliver’s crew mutinies and puts him ashore on an unknown islandThe island turns out to be inhabited by the “Houyhnhnms”--creatures who look like horses but are more civilized and intelligent than humans, in Gulliver’s viewThe island also has “Yahoos”—creatures who look like humans but are sub-human in intelligence, savage and disgustingGulliver’s TravelsPart IV, Chapter 5Gulliver describes religious controversies as cause of war:He asked me what were the usual Causes or Motives that made one Country go to War with another. I answered they were innumerable, but I should only mention a few of the chief. Sometimes the Ambition of Princes, who never think they have Land or People enough to govern: Sometimes the Corruption of Ministers, who engage their Master in a War in order to stifle or divert the Clamour of the Subjects against their Evil Administration. Difference in Opinions hath cost many Millions of Lives: For instance, whether Flesh be Bread, or Bread be Flesh; whether the Juice of a certain Berry be Blood or Wine; whether Whistling be Vice or a Virtue; whether it be better to kiss a post, or throw it into the Fire; what is the best Colour for a Coat, whether Black, White, Red, or Gray; and whether it should be long or short, narrow or wide, dirty or clean; with many more. (Longman Anthology, 2556)Gulliver’s TravelsPart IV, Chapter 5Gulliver describes military conquest and the “honorable profession of a soldier”:If a Prince sends Forces into a Nation where the People are poor and ignorant, he may lawfully put half of them to Death, and make Slaves of the rest, in order to civilize and reduce them from their barbarous Way of Living. It is a very kingly, honourable, and frequent Practice, when one Prince desires the Assistance of another to secure him against an Invasion, that the Assistant, when he hath driven out the Invader, should seize on the Dominions himself, and kill, imprison or banish the Prince he came to relieve. Alliance by Blood or Marriage, is a frequent Cause of War between Princes; and the nearer the Kindred is, the greater is their Disposition to quarrel: Poor Nations are hungry, and rich Nations are proud; and Pride and Hunger will ever be at variance. (Longman Anthology, 2556)Gulliver’s TravelsPart IV, Chapter 5Gulliver describes military conquest and the “honorable profession of a soldier”:For those Reasons, the Trade of a Soldier is held the most honourable of all others: Because a Soldier is a Yahoo hired to kill in cold Blood as many of his own Species, who have never offended him, as possibly he can. (Longman Anthology, 2556)Gulliver’s TravelsPart IV, Chapter 5Gulliver’s “master” suspects he is stretching the truth in his description of war: What you have told me, (said my Master) upon the Subject of War, does indeed discover most admirably the Effects of that Reason you pretend to: However, it is happy that the Shame is greater than the Danger; and that Nature has left you utterly uncapable of doing much Mischief. For your Mouths lying flat with your Faces, you can hardly bite each other to any Purpose, unless by Consent. Then as to the Claws upon your Feet before and behind, they are so short and tender that one of our Yahoos would drive a Dozen of yours before him. And therefore in recounting the Numbers of those who have been killed in Battle, I cannot but think that you have said the Thing which is not. (Longman Anthology, 2557)Gulliver’s TravelsPart IV, Chapter 5Gulliver responds:I could not forbear shaking my Head and smiling a little at his Ignorance. And being no Stranger to the Art of War, I gave him a Description of Cannons, culverins, Muskets, Carabines, Pistols, Bullets, Powder, Swords, Bayonets, Battles, Sieges, Retreats, Attacks, Undermines, Countermines, Bombardments, Sea-fights; Ships sunk with a Thousand Men, Twenty thousand killed on each Side; dying Groans, Limbs flying in the Air, Smoak, Noise, Confusion, trampling to Death under Horses Feet; Flight, Pursuit, Victory; Fields strewed with Carcases left for Food to Dogs, and Wolves, and Birds of Prey; Plundering, Stripping, Ravishing, Burning, and Destroying. And to set forth the Valour of my own dear Countrymen, I assured him, that I had seen them blow up a Hundred Enemies at once in a Siege, and as many in a Ship, and beheld the dead Bodies come down in pieces from the Clouds, to the great Diversion of the Spectators. (Longman Anthology, 2557)Gulliver’s TravelsPart IV, Chapter 5Gulliver’s “master” is puzzled by the concept of “law”: There was another Point which a little perplexed him at Present. I had informed him, that some of our Crew left their Country on account of being ruined by Law; that I had already explained the Meaning of the Word; but he was at a Loss how it should come to pass, that the Law which was intended for every Man's Preservation, should be any Man's Ruin. (Longman Anthology, 2557)Gulliver’s TravelsPart IV, Chapter 5Gulliver explains the concept of law and the character of lawyers:I said there was a Society of Men among us, bred up from their Youth in the Art of proving by Words multiplied for the Pleasure, that White is Black, and Black is White, according as they are paid. To this Society all the rest of the People are Slaves. For Example, if my Neighbour hath a Mind to my Cow, he hires a Lawyer to prove that he ought to have my Cow from me. I must