Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPECENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEDIFFERENT PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT Remain largely agrarian & retain serfdom Low level of urbanization & industrialization Limited development of merchant class No overseas empires Families remains large, extended, & multigenerational, age of marriage lowerCENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEPOLAND 14th century: Dynastic alliance with Lithuania Poland becomes superior partner = Republic of Poland Becomes one of largest, most powerful states in EuropePolish Queen Jadwiga weds Lithuanian Grand Duke Jageillo, unifying in 1385CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEPOLAND Structure of Society Made up of estates – nobility, burghers (townspeople), peasants Nobility (Szlachta) = 8% of population, had all rights & privilegesCENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEPOLAND Structure of State Monarch elected by parliament (Sejm) Each deputy had veto power = LIBERUM VETO King had no national army, court system or bureaucracy Led to political chaos & weaknessCENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEOTTOMAN EMPIRE Muslim Turks controlled large area of Christian Eastern Europe from 15th c. Became great power, but began to decline in 18th c. But did not interfere with religious or cultural life  Significant impact on development of lands it heldCENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEOTTOMAN EMPIRE Structure of Society Divided subjects into MILLETS based on religion Practiced relative toleration Muslims = privileged class Christians subject to DEVSHIRME Much resentment of Ottoman ruleCENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEOTTOMAN EMPIRE Structure of State Similar to feudal system• Military leaders gave service to SULTAN• Muslims = lords Christians = peasants• Local rulers (Pashas) had virtually complete control Began to decline in 17th centuryCENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAUSTRIA Consolidation of State LEOPOLD I (r. 1657-1705) • Established religious conformity• Defeated Ottomans & gained Hungarian lands• Expanded into Balkans, Italy, & NetherlandsCENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEPRUSSIA Consolidation of State Brandenburg unified with Prussia & began to expand GREAT ELECTOR – Frederick William (r. 1640-1688) • began build up of army• centralization of power at expense of JUNKERSCENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEPRUSSIA Consolidation of State FREDERICK I (r. 1688-1713)• named king in return for supplying troops to Habsburgs• continued building army & centralizing• army = centerpiece of Prussia state &