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Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6THE ENLIGHTENMENTTHE ENLIGHTENMENTAGE OF REASON & PROGRESS Great skepticism toward tradition Confidence in human reason & science Idea of progress of civilization Secular worldview Society should be grounded on rational foundationsTHE ENLIGHTENMENTPHILOSOPHES Those who critically analyzed any subject Held variety of opinions, some contradictory Shared general belief in reason, science, progress, civilization Concerned with equalityTHE ENLIGHTENMENTPHILOSOPHES MONTESQUIEU (1689-1755) Spirit of the Laws• Separation & balance of powers• Separation of functions of government• Laws should not be arbitraryTHE ENLIGHTENMENTPHILOSOPHES VOLTAIRE (1694-1778) Promoted freedom of thought & religion Advanced material & technological progress Supported despotism if “enlightened” Strong proponent of religious toleration Presented secular view of historyTHE ENLIGHTENMENTPHILOSOPHES ROUSSEAU (1712-1778) Early works• Promoted idea of civilization as root of evil• Championed feeling & impulse over reason The Social Contract• State of nature was brutish, lacked morality• All members of community part of “General


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UVM HIST 025 - ENLIGHTENMENT I

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