Crim J 205 1st Edition Lecture 4 Outline of Last Lecture I Muslims and Terrorism II The innocence project III Essential information IV Discrimination V Race and Ethnicity VI Arab Americans VII Primitive cultures VIII Geographic justice Outline of Current Lecture I Ethnic Demographics in the United States II Geography and Justice III Disparity vs Discrimination Current Lecture I Ethnic Demographics in the United States 2008 a California 36 Hispanic Iowa 4 Hispanic b Mississippi 37 African American Minnesota 4 5 African American c United states is diverse These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute II Geography and Justice a The above statistics indicate that race and ethnicity are far more outstanding in some areas compared to others b The United States is becoming more diverse however most of the diversity is growing in certain areas while others remain unchanged c Most communities lack significant racial ethnic diversity d Currently there are only 21 metropolitan areas that consist of at least 2 minority groups and the white population is below the national average e More than half 51 of the Hispanic population reside within 2 states Texas and California f Nearly half 45 of the Native American population reside within 4 states Oklahoma Arizona New Mexico and California g These facts indicate that there is an uneven distribution of racial and ethnic groups in the United States h Due to the fact that local agencies handle the majority of criminal acts racial and ethnic issues are especially prominent in areas where there is a high concentration of minorities i Population concentration political power j Political power gives individuals the ability to control agencies k Example county Sheriff s are more likely to be elected based on their races l III In countries where the majority of the population is white an African American is not likely to win an election over a white opponents Disparity vs Discrimination a When groups abused the political power that they are given issues of disparity and discrimination b Disparity Simply means that there is a difference It does not necessarily involve discrimination although it can Example this class The majority of the students in this class are somewhat similar in age There are no children c Discrimination Defined by the text as a difference based on differential treatment of groups without references to an individual s behavior or qualifications Discrimination can be based on many factors including Race Gender Sexual orientation d Example racial discrimination Until the 1960 s the majority of southern police departments did not hire African Americans The departments that did would not allow them to arrest individuals who were white Northern police departments who did hire African Americans would not allow them to work in white neighborhoods e Example gender discrimination Historically airlines would hire only young females as flight attendants The flight attendants weren t allowed to get married If they were to get married termination would immediately follow Male employees who worked in other capacities were not terminated if they were to get married f Discrimination based on sexual orientation Discrimination against an individual based on their sexual preferences Could apply to individuals who are homosexual or transgender Often occurs in the workplace g Discrimination and the Law Discrimination is illegal when it violates the law According to the 14th amendment to the constitution Nor shall any state deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the law