Crm J 2nd Edition Exam 3 Study Guide Lectures 16 19 Lecture 16 October 16 I Nineteenth Century a Most executions were public b In 1834 Pennsylvania became the first state to carry out all executions in prisons c Some states abolished the death penalty however the majority of states did not II Progressive Era a 1907 1917 6 states outlawed the death penalty b Decade with highest number of executions 1930s III Recent History a In the 1950s the death penalty dropped significantly b In 1966 support for death penalty reached an all time low at 42 Bureau of Justice statistics 1997 c George Ryan Illinois IV Death Penalty a 32 states have the death penalty b Many of the states that have the death penalty do not use it c In 2013 only 8 states conducted executions Texas executed 14 in 2013 state with most executions Florida Ohio 506 executions since 1976 d Does the death penalty deter crime Punishment will significantly influence whether or not individuals commit criminal acts Punishment must have the following three characteristics Punishment must be swif Punishment must be certain V The severity of the punishment must fit the crime Two types if deterrence General Specific The deterrence theory has been found to be largely ineffective in regard to the death penalty Utilitarian Theory a Emphasizes maximization of pleasure and minimization of pain b Theory developed by Jeremy Bentham c Bentham s most famous work introduction to the principles of morals and legislation 1789 d Utilitarianism can be viewed on 2 levels Individual level Aggregate level e Although utilitarianism may sound like solid theoretical framework for such a policy is deceiving f In regards to the Death Penalty Supports the view of just desserts You get what you deserve An eye for an eye g Utilitarian argument for the death penalty the outcome of the execution would be for the greater good h Utilitarian positions argue that the death penalty severs as the deterrent and as a retribution VI Retributive Theory a Developed by German Philosopher Immanuel Kant b Argues that punishment is not justified by any good results but simply by the criminal s guilt c Kant argued the retributive approach to punishment in metaphysics of morals d Retributive theory and utilitarian theory are similar in many ways however they differ in others e Kant argued that the only punishment acceptable for murder is death f Most logical theory to support the death penalty Lecture 17 October 28 I II III IV Retributive theory vs Utilitarianism a Retributive theory and utilitarian theory are similar in many ways however they differ in others b Utilitarian suggest that death penalty will prevent other people from committing crimes Society will benefit This will lead to reduction of crime Death penalty and Retributive theory a Kant argued that the only punishment acceptable for murder is death b Most logical theory to support the death penalty Pro Death Penalty a Society teaches how bad an action is by the consequence that goes with it b Keeping murderers alive belittles human life c UTILITARIAN VIEW The outcome of the execution will be for the greater good The death penalty serves as a deterrent and as retribution Balance between pain and pleasure and what Is the greatest good for the greatest amount Opposed Death Penalty a The death penalty doesn t deter crime b Anyone who can execute someone without getting visits from someone is not human Lecture 18 October 30 I II Discussion questions a In your opinion what was the strongest point made by both the argument for the death penalty and the argument against the death penalty provide argument for both sides First side saying society establishes laws by the consequence whereas the second was more of a testimonial b In your opinion what was the weakest point made by both the argument for the death penalty and the argument against the death penalty provide both sides of the argument Talking to the inmates and seeing that they are still a person when you get to know them and talk to them that will happen to anyone but it doesn t change what they did Robin Lu a Why homosexual subculture has been rare studied in criminal justice Relatively new issue Homophobia Sensitive topic Small population proportion b Why do we need to study it Small proportion Large absolute value Sexuality should not be a reason for discrimination Individual and systematic costs c The homophobic culture in Criminal Justice Police officers the homosexual community Strained relationship Gay and lesbian officers within criminal justice system o A masculine culture Invisible minority Invisible minorities it is hard o tell someone s sexuality if he or she decides to hide it Victim of social bias Bliss and a curse Bliss because they can choose to hide it Selective disclosure Curse because it is stressful to keep a good cover They can t bring their significant other around They have to bear homophobic jokes Lecture 19 November 4 I II Jail vs Prison a They are not the same thing b Both serve different functions in the CJ system c Jails house individuals prior to becoming convicted afer conviction generally under 1 year d Prisons house convicted felons generally sentences over 1 year e African Americans make up less than 15 of the population however nearly 40 of all incarcerated offenders f Hispanics are also over represented g Whites make up most of the population in prison h In recent years Hispanics have been the fastest growing minority group incarcerated in the united states i Other minority groups are hard to study due to the fact that they are collapsed into the other category Women offenders a Make up approximately 10 of incarcerated individuals b Increase from 5 7 in 1990 c White non Hispanic women make up the largest group of female prisoners 45 8