CHEN 304 1st Edition Lecture 13Outline of Last Lecture I. Flow in Noncircular DuctsOutline of Current Lecture I. Pumps and CompressorsII. Reciprocating Positive Displacement PumpsIII. Rotary Positive Displacement PumpsIV. Centrifugal PumpsV. Pumps in Series and ParallelVI. Drag Force on Solid ParticlesVII. Terminal VelocityVIII. Non-spherical ParticlesCurrent LectureChapter 4Flow in Chemical Engineering Equipment- Pumps and Compressorso Transport of fluids requires one of the following: Elevation difference Pump or compressor imparting energy to the fluid (increase pressure or velocity)o Devices that increase pressure: Positive displacement pumps Centrifugal pump, fans, and blowers- Reciprocating Positive Displacement Pumpso In positive-displacement reciprocating pumps, fluid is pumped by plunger travelling back and forth in a chambero Valves for intake and discharge operate in conjunction with the plunger to transfer the fluido Reciprocating pumps may be used for both liquids and gasesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o For gases, the pump is called compressor.o For gases, sometimes intercoolers are needed to avoid significant temperature rises.o If high pressures are needed, reciprocating pumps can be used in series.- Rotary Positive Displacement Pumpso Rotary pumps are positive displacement pumps that use rotational, rather than reciprocating, motion during their pumping cycle. o They can handle almost any liquid that does not contain hard and abrasive solids,including viscous liquids. o Types of rotary pumps include cam-and-piston, internal-gear, lobular, screw, and vane pumps. o Gear pumps are found in home heating systems in which the burners are fired byoil. o Rotary pumps find wide use for viscous liquids. o When pumping highly viscous fluids, rotary pumps must be operated at reduced speeds because at higher speeds the liquid cannot flow into the casing fast enough to fill it.- Centrifugal Pumpso Fluid is directed to the impeller eye and is forced into a circular movement by therotation of the impeller vanes.o A centrifugal pump converts the input power to kinetic energy in the liquid by accelerating the liquid by a revolving device - an impeller. o Centrifugal pumps are particularly suitable for handling large flow rates.o They are ideal for fluids containing suspended solids. - Pumps in Series and Parallelo For Series Pumps, the head increases are additiveo For Parallel Pumps, the flow through each pump is only Q/2.o The overall head increase is the same as that for either pump singly.- Drag Force on Solid Particleso The drag on a smooth sphere may be correlated in terms of two dimensionless groups: the drag coefficient CD and the Reynolds number, Re.- Terminal Velocityo When sphere is travelling at steady-state, it is called terminal velocity, ut.- Non-spherical Particleso The sphericity  of the particle:oo The equivalent particle diameter, Dp, defined as the diameter of a sphere having the same volume as the