NRSC 2100 1st Edition Lecture 14 CNS Organization through Development Ventricular System and the CNS The CNS forms from the walls of a fluid filled neural tube The inside of the tube becomes ventricular system The neural tube Endoderm mesoderm ectoderm Neural plate neural groove Fusion of neural folds Neural tube forms CNS neurons Neural crest forms PNS neurons Embryonic development neural plate neural groove neural tube neurulation 3 primary brain vesicles The Central Nervous System Prosencephalon Forebrain telencephalon diencephalon Hindbrain Medulla Oblongata dorsomedial medulla contains sensory relay nuclei contains a number of nuclei crucial for vital functions heart rate breathing etc contains all tracts to from spinal cord brain Cerebellum involved in fine motor control These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Pons associated with several nuclei mediating hearing vestibular and taste functions several tracts and pontine reticular formation sleep arousal Midbrain 1 Tectum Inferior colliculus auditory information Superior colliculus visual information 2 Tegmentum Substantia Nigra Dopamine producing cells Parkinson s disease Reticular formation 3 Periaqueductal gray modulation of pain Forebrain Diencephalon 1 Thalamus dorsal part of diencephalon relays most types of sensory information vision hearing pain touch temperature proprioception to neocortex 2 Hypothalamus ventral part of diencephalon controls autonomic nervous system controls motivated behaviors sex eating drinking etc controls many endocrine systems from pituitary gland master gland Forebrain Telencephalon Basal Ganglia Mediates motor learning and reward functions Caudate Putamen also called Striatum receives dopaminergic axons from Substantia Nigra Globus Pallidus nucleus Accumbens ventral striatum involved in addiction and reward mechanisms dopaminergic system Limbic System mediates emotions memory and social behaviors Medial Prefrontal Cortex social behaviors working memory and other executive functions Hippocampus Learning and memory stress Amygdala Aggressiveness fear anxiety and other emotions Cerebral Cortex neocortex youngest part of nervous system most evolved Cerebral Cortex Cell bodies in layers or sheets Surface layer separated from pia mater layer I Apical dendrites form multiple branches Mammalian neocortex normally displays 6 layer organization
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