NEURON:A very specialized cell type whose function is to receive, process, and send information; these cells are found in the central nervous system (brain, retina, spinal cord), as well as in the peripheral nervous system (the rest of the body).MAIN COMPONENTS OF A NEURON:SOMA , CELL BODY, or PERIKARYONDENDRITES and SPINESAXON (“axis” referring to “central/structure about which something is arranged”)MYELIN SHEATH – Glia/Glial cellNODES OF RANVIERPRESYNAPTIC TERMINALSAXON HILLOCKCELLULAR COMPONENTS:1. CELL MEMBRANE - the “skin” surrounding neurons;2. CYTOPLASM - everything inside the “skin”, except nucleus;3. NUCLEUS – chromosomes (DNA).GENE EXPRESSIONNuclear and extra-nuclear events:1. DNA mechanisms;2. Transcription of DNA sequences into RNA;3. RNA processing into mRNA;4. mRNA transcript transported outside nucleus;5. mRNA interacts with ribosomes (RER, free ribosomes);6. Translation into amino acid chains (proteins);7. Post-translational processing of proteins & packaging(Golgi apparatus).IMPORTANT ORGANELLES(membrane enclosed structures)1. Ribosomes and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum;2. Golgi apparatus;3. Mitochondria;OTHER IMPORTANT ORGANELLES1. Ribosomes and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum;2. Golgi apparatus;3. Mitochondria;AXONS: STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS1. Microtubules;2. Neurofilaments;3. Microfilaments;AXONS: The high road of Neurons!1. Motor proteins;2. Organized vesicular transport;3. Two-way “highway”.TYPES OF NEURONS (structure):Multipolar neuron: more than two neurites extending from its cell body.Bipolar neuron: two neurites extending from the cell body.Pseudounipolar neuron: one neurite extending from cell body.NRSC 2100 1st Edition Lecture 2NEURON: A very specialized cell type whose function is to receive, process, and send information; these cells are found in the central nervous system (brain, retina, spinal cord), as well as in the peripheral nervous system (the rest of the body).MAIN COMPONENTS OF A NEURON:SOMA , CELL BODY, or PERIKARYONDENDRITES and SPINESAXON (“axis” referring to “central/structure about which something is arranged”)MYELIN SHEATH – Glia/Glial cellNODES OF RANVIERPRESYNAPTIC TERMINALSAXON HILLOCKCELLULAR COMPONENTS:1. CELL MEMBRANE - the “skin” surrounding neurons;2. CYTOPLASM - everything inside the “skin”, except nucleus;3. NUCLEUS – chromosomes (DNA).GENE EXPRESSION Nuclear and extra-nuclear events: 1. DNA mechanisms; 2. Transcription of DNA sequences into RNA; 3. RNA processing into mRNA; 4. mRNA transcript transported outside nucleus; 5. mRNA interacts with ribosomes (RER, free ribosomes); 6. Translation into amino acid chains (proteins); 7. Post-translational processing of proteins & packaging (Golgi apparatus).IMPORTANT ORGANELLES (membrane enclosed structures) 1. Ribosomes and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum; 2. Golgi apparatus; 3. Mitochondria;OTHER IMPORTANT ORGANELLESThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1. Ribosomes and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum; 2. Golgi apparatus; 3. Mitochondria;AXONS: STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS1. Microtubules; 2. Neurofilaments; 3. Microfilaments;AXONS: The high road of Neurons! 1. Motor proteins; 2. Organized vesicular transport; 3. Two-way “highway”.TYPES OF NEURONS (structure):Multipolar neuron: more than two neurites extending from its cell body.Bipolar neuron: two neurites extending from the cell body.Pseudounipolar neuron: one neurite extending from cell