Slide Number 1Slide Number 2Slide Number 3Slide Number 4Slide Number 5Slide Number 6Slide Number 7Discovery of neurotransmitters credited to______________________ using __________________________________________________Heart #1 Heart #2- Both frog hearts isolated and kept in different bath;- Stimulate heart #1 electrically, which causes it to slow down;- Take some of the fluid from the bath of heart #1 and add fluid to bath of heart #2;-Heart rate of bath #2 also slows down!!!How does this indicate that neurons communicate with each other with chemical messengers?Chap. 5- 2I. SYNTHESIS, PACKAGING, ANDTRANSPORT OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS1. _______________________________________2. _______________________________________3. _______________________________________4. _______________________________________5. _______________________________________MicrotubulesSynapticvesicles(peptides)ButtonSynapticcleftGolgicomplexMitochondrionDendriticspinePresynpaticmembranePostsynpaticmembranePrecursorSynthesizingenzymesII. RELEASE OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS1. ______________________________________2. ________________________________________3. ___________________________________4. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5. _____________________________________________________________Chap. 5- 3ActionpotentialarrivessynapticvesicleCa++ enters cellVesicledocks tomembraneVesicle fusesNT releasedArrival of act. pot –Opening of voltage-sensitiveCa++enters intoInduces the “docking” and fusion of synaptic vesicles to the presynaptic membrane; involves several molecules (calmodulin, etc).Exocytosis:Watch neurotransmitter release movieChap. 5- 5DEACTIVATION OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS1. ____________________________________________________________2. ________________________Watch neurotransmitter reuptake movieChap. 5- 6RECEPTORS AND RECEPTOR SUBTYPES1. Receptors are proteins _________________________________________________XXneurotransmitterdifferent brain regionsReceptor 1Receptor 24. Effect of a neurotransmitter is determined by_____________________________3. Receptor subtypes: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. “Lock and Key” arrangementSeveral receptor proteins can (ex., ACh binds both “nicotinic” and “muscarinic” receptors).Chap. 5- 7MAJOR TYPES OF RECEPTORS1. ________________________outsideinsideoutsideinside- ___________________________________-__________________________- ___________________________- _____________________________2. ________________________produces second-messenger moleculeswhich 1. 2. 3. Watch GPCR movieChap. 5- 8RECEPTOR LOCATION1. _________________________2. _____________________________________- ___________________________________3. _____________________________________- _________________________________PresynapticheteroreceptorPresynapticautoreceptorPostsynapticreceptorPresynapticterminal buttonCalcium channelsPresynapticterminal buttonPresynapticfacilitationSynapticvesiclesNeurotransmitterPresynapticinhibitionPresynaptic receptorsPresynaptic