Chap. 3- 1FUN FACTS ABOUT YOUR BRAINFUN FACTS ABOUT YOUR BRAIN- the human Central Nervous System (CNS) weighs approximately __ pounds; largest existingbrain is approximately __ lbs (sperm whale)- there are approximately ___________ neuronsin the CNS; that’s 100 000 000 000100 000 000 000!!!!!!!- each of these neurons makes between _____________________ connections with other neurons- number of connections in the cortex alone hasbeen estimated to ____________- the size of a neuron varies from _____________________________________- length of one of the longest axon known: ______(from giraffe’s toe to neck)- conduction of action potential varies, in differentaxons, from ______________NEURONNEURON(biological psych definition): ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Chap. 3- 3PARTS OF A NEURONPARTS OF A NEURON:1. _________________________________2. _______________________________________3. ____________________________________________________________________________________________4. ______________________________________________5. _______________________6. __________________________7. ______________________}1237456}Chap. 3- 4Golgi stainGolgi stainNissl stainTYPES OF NEURONS (according to structure):TYPES OF NEURONS (according to structure):1. ____________________________________________________________________________________________2. ____________________________________________________________________________________________3. ____________________________________________________________________________________________Chap. 3- 5APdendritesaxonimpulseAP = where ActionPotential is createdAPdendriteaxonimpulsedendritesAPimpulseaxonTYPES OF NEURONS (according to function):TYPES OF NEURONS (according to function):1. SENSORY NEURONS: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. MOTOR NEURONS: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3. INTERNEURONS or INTRINSIC NEURONS:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Chap. 3- 6Chap. 3- 7NEURAL COMMUNICATIONTHE SYNAPSE: ________________________________________________________________________________FUN FACTS ABOUT SYNAPSES (<Gk. “to jointogether”)1. A synapse occurs ________________________________________________________.2. Types of synapses based on structure:(a.) ___________(b.) ___________(c.) ___________3. Types of synapses based on neurotransmitter and post-synaptic receptorExamples: Excitatory synapses - __________- __________Inhibitory synapses - __________- __________Modulatory synapses - __________dendritessomaaxonpresynapticterminalsChap. 3- 84. Relational terms: pre-synaptic vs. post-synaptic5. Gross anatomy of the synapse:(a.) ________ (h.) ______________(b.) __________________(c.) ____________________(d.) _________________________(e.) __________________(f.) __________________________(g.) _________________________Neuron AimpulseNeuron BabcdfhgeChap. 3- 9PARTS OF A NEURONPARTS OF A NEURON:1. BASIC CELLULAR COMPONENTS -a. CELL MEMBRANE - the “skin” of the neurons;b. CYTOPLASM - everything inside the “skin”Chap. 3-10Dendrite: Cell extensionthat collects informationfrom other cellsDendritic spine: Smallprotrusions on dendritesphat increase surface areaNucleus: Central structure containingthe chromosome and genesNuclear membrane: Membranesurrounding the nucleusEndoplasmic reticulum: Foldedlayers of membrane whereproteins are assembledGolgi body or apparatus:membranous structurethat packages proteinmolecules for transportMitochondria : Structure thatgathers, stores, and releases energyIntracellular fluid: Fluid in which thecell’s internal structures are suspendedMicrotubules: Tiny tubes thattransport molecules and help give the cell its shapeCell membrane: Membranesurrounding the cellAxon: Extension thattransmits information fromcell body to other cellsLysosomes: Sacscontaining enzymesthat break down wastesMicrofilaments:threadlike fibersmaking up much ofthe cell’s “skeleton”EXAMPLES OF WHAT CHROMOSOMES (DNA) CONTROL:1. _____________________________________________2. _____________________________________________3. _____________________________________________4. _____________________________________________5. _____________________________________________6. _____________________________________________7. _____________________________________________8. _____________________________________________Chap. 3-11SUPPORTING CELLS OF THE NERVOUSSUPPORTING CELLS OF THE NERVOUSSYSTEM = SYSTEM = ____________1. Oligodendrocytes : _______________________________________________________________2. Schwann cells: __________________________________________________________________3. Astrocytes: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4. Microglia: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5. Ependymal cells: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Chap. 3-12Chap. 3-13Oligodendrocytes and Schwann CellsChap. 3-14Examples of astrocytes in the brain:Brain photoCartoon