Name:___________________________________ BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY I (2012 sec 002) MIDTERM EXAM 3 (Practice exam) Mark the ONE BEST letter choice (either A, B, C, D, or E) on the computer-graded sheet in NUMBER TWO PENCIL. If you need to erase, do so completely! You MUST use the answer sheet provided by us inside your exam packet. No other answer sheet will be allowed. TAKE A DEEP BREATH – TAKE YOUR TIME, READ ALL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS CAREFULLY - GOOD LUCK!!! 1. Muscular actin and myosin filaments are important for which function? a) the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. b) the transport of neurotransmitter receptors. c) the re-uptake of calcium. d) the production of endplate potentials. e) muscle fiber contraction (twitch). 2. What is the name of the specific motor neurons that contact extrafusal (striate) muscle fibers called? a) gamma motor neurons. b) delta motor neurons. c) alpha motor neurons. d) kappa motor neurons. e) theta motor neurons. 3. About how many motor neurons could be contained in a large motor unit? a) 1. b) from 3 to 5. c) up to 2000. d) 100. e) up to 10 000. 4. Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction? a) lactic acid. b) nicotine. c) muscarine. d) acetylcholine. e) glutamate. 5. The cell bodies of motor neurons that innervate (project to) muscles of the legs are located where? a) dorsal horn of spinal cord. b) ventral horn of spinal cord. c) dorsal root ganglia. d) the primary motor cortex. e) none of the above. 6. In somatosensation, “two-point discrimination/sensitivity” is greatest on: a) hairy skin. b) smooth skin. c) glabrous skin. d) epidermal skin. e) tough skin.2 7. Which of the following receptors is most responsive to pain and temperature? a) pacinian corpuscules b) golgi tendon organs. c) dendrites of alpha motor neurons. d) merkel’s receptors. e) free nerve endings. 8. Which of the following is not a major class of somatosensory receptors? a) hair cells. b) nocioceptors. c) proprioceptors. d) hapsis. e) none of the above. 9. There are several motor tracts that carry information from the brain to the muscles. What is the name of the tract that starts in the primary motor cortex and innervates the motor neurons that control the muscles of the neck and head? a) reticulospinal tract. b) tectospinal tract. c) corticospinal tract. d) corticobulbar tract. e) rubrospinal tract. 10. Which receptor is responsible for telling the nervous system how stretched our muscles are? a) golgi tendon organs. b) muscle spindles. c) free nerve endings. d) Meissner’s corpuscules. e) joint receptors. 11. Pain in internal organs that is felt as pain at the body surface is known as: a) transferred pain. b) relocated pain. c) referred pain. d) acquired pain. e) transposed pain. 12. Your nervous system is built with a safety mechanism that normally prevents you from breaking your bones and tear your tendons. What is this mechanism called? a) golgi tendon reflex. b) monosynaptic reflex. c) inhibitory reflex. d) crossed-extensor reflex. e) joint receptor reflex. 13. Wilder Penfield identified a motor homunculus in the: a) orbitofrontal cortex. b) primary motor cortex. c) basal ganglia. d) cerebellum. e) temporal lobe.3 14. Which part of the brain is responsible for planning and initiating voluntary movements? a) hippocampus. b) frontal lobe. c) cerebellum. d) amygdala. e) occipital lobe. 15. Our emotional states are often influencing our movements and actions. Which part of the brain is known to influence our actions based on emotional states? a) supplementary motor area. b) premotor area. c) cingulate motor areas. d) somatosensory areas. e) prefrontal motor areas. 16. Normally, most muscles on one side of our body are controlled by: a) the posterior side of the brain. b) the anterior side of the brain. c) the brain bilaterally. d) the ipsilateral side of the brain. e) the contralateral side of the brain. 17. Ballistic body movements are controlled by which brain region? a) the basal ganglia. b) the motor cortex. c) the caudate/putamen. d) the substantia nigra. e) the cerebellum. 18. Parkinson’s disease is a motor dysfunction produced by neuron cell loss (death) in which part of the brain? a) primary motor cortex. b) cerebellum. c) globus pallidus. d) substantia nigra. e) supplementary motor area. 19. What is the name of the disease of the basal ganglia in which the main symptoms are involuntary movements and hyperkinesia? a) Parkinson’s disease. b) Muscular dystrophy. c) Huntington’s disease. d) Multiple sclerosis. e) Alzheimer’s disease. 20. Which of the following best describes the flow of information in the basal ganglia? a) neocortex > caudate/putamen > globus pallidus > thalamus > motor cortex. b) caudate/putamen > thalamus > globus pallidus > neocortex > motor cortex. c) caudate/putamen > globus pallidus > neocortex > thalamus > motor cortex. d) motor cortex > neocortex > thalamus > caudate putamen > globus pallidus. e) globus pallidus > neocortex > thalamus > motor cortex > caudate/putamen.4 21. We have discussed the involvement of several brain regions in the control of voluntary movements. Damage to which of these regions would be most likely to give rise to the symptom of “reaching (or action) tremors” (not tremors at rest)? a) primary motor cortex. b) primary somatosensory cortex. c) caudate nucleus. d) corticospinal tract. e) cerebellum. 22. Delta waves are associated with which stage of sleep/wakefulness? a) REM sleep. b) stage 1. c) awake. d) stage 4. e) drowsy. 23. On the other hand, the fast Beta waves (above 12 Hz) are associated with which stage of sleep/wakefulness? a) Stage 3 sleep. b) Stage 1 sleep. c) Stage 2 sleep. d) Stage 4 sleep. e) Aroused awake. 24. The non-REM sleep stage that provides the lightest sleep is: a) Stage 4. b) Stage 5. c) Stage 1. d) Stage 3. e) Stage 2. 25. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of REM sleep? a) sexual activation. b) normal muscle tone. c) vivid, action-packed dreams. d) desynchronized EEG. e) PGO spikes present. 26. Sleep is normally cyclical during the night. What is the normal order of the different stages of sleep, starting when you first go to bed? a) 1>2>3>4>REM>1>2>3>4. b)