INTL 101 1st Edition Lecture 3Outline of Last Lecture I. Human SettlementsA. DisplacementB. Refugee campsII. Population GrowthIII. “The Tragedy of the Commons”IV. Malthusian DilemmaV. Availability of FoodA. FactorsVI. Food InsecuritiesA. FAOB. WFPVII. Food AvailabilityVIII. Human ContributionsA. Impacts1. Deforestation2. Desertification3. Water Quality4. Air pollution & climate changeIX. What Can You Do?A. Conservation at homeB. Carbon footprintC. Three R’sOutline of Current Lecture I. Is the World Flat?A. Thomas FriedmanB. Pankaj GhemawatII. Development of Technology: Transportation & CommunicationA. Industrial RevolutionB. TransportationC. Steam engineIII. Development of Technology: CommunicationA. CommunicationB. Printing PressC. Communication TodayD. Computers: TimelineThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.E. AppleF. ChallengesIV. Political BordersV. Economic BordersVI. Social & Cultural BordersCurrent LectureI. Is the World Flat?A. Thomas Friedman1. Thinks the world is flata. Technology has “flattened” the worldb. Less hierarchical; borders are more porousB. Pankaj Ghemawat1. There remains a digital divide – the world is not flata. Technology has not “flattened” the world to the point that we are led to believe II. Development of Technology: Transportation & CommunicationA. Industrial Revolution1. Movement from an economy based on the physical power of humans and animals to one based on machine powerB. Transportation1. Innovations: steam engine, train, automobile, and aviation2. Trains critical to the Industrial Revolution: movement of goods and services, trade developmentC. Steam engine1. Heron’s Aeolipile >>2. Thomaas Savery, 16983. Thomas Newcomen4. James Watt: 1746 horsepower5. Critical for transportation, manufacturingIII. Development of Technology: CommunicationA. Communication: printing press  digital books1. Why and how? Innovations >>> computersB. Printing Press1. Johannes Gutenberg, Mainz press of 1457a. Spread to 110 towns in 23 yearsC. Communication Today1. Digitalization of content, Information Revolution2. E-book readersa. 2012: About 30 percent of Americans aged 18 or older own a deviceD. Computers: Timeline1. Zuse, 1936: First programmable computer2. Eckert & Mauchly, 1946: ENIAC, UNIVAC 19513. Kilby & Noyce, 1958: Microchip4. Intel, 1970’s: DRAM chip, microprocessor5. Shugart, 1971: Floppy disk6. IBM, 1981: First commercial PC7. Gates, 1985: Windows operating system8. 1982: TCP/IP standardized: beginnings of the internet9. Bernrs-Lee, 1990: Hypertext markup language10. Yang & Filo, 1994: Yahoo search engine11. Page & Brin, 1998: Google search engineE. Apple1. Jobs & Wozniak, 1970’s2. 1983-84: Lisa computer, first with GUI3. Connecting people to machines in different ways: navigation usage made much easiera. Apple Revolution: iMac, iPod, iPhone, iPad, iTunesF. Challenges1. Digital divide and inequality of access2. Below world average in Asia, AfricaIV. Political BordersA. Technology is useful for those who have few other political resources1. Organize revolutions through messaging, texting, tweeting: “Arab Spring”B. And, it can be used to manipulate power to retain control or cause problems1. Cyberterrorism2. WikileaksV. Economic BordersA. Technology promotes mobility of production processes and movement of goods and servicesB. Flatteners: outsourcing, workflow softwareC. Accelerated capital flows around the world1. Remittances: payment for a product2. Embezzling, asset hiding3. Terrorist money transfersVI. Social & Cultural BordersA. Technology encourages the creation of communities 1. Facebook, Studivz.com, MiGente.com, Google+B. Can be used to preserve traditional mores (morally binding customs) and norms as they are documented for future generationsC. Also used to enforce traditions – easy contacts cross borders: hello, mom calling!D. Bring new styles of food, dress, music, and sports that become universal rather than specificE. New languages:  LOL,