INTL 101 1st Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture I. Origins of the modern state systemA. Key ScholarsB. Three Forms of World PoliticsOutline of Current Lecture I. Political IdeologyII. Classical liberalism III. ConservatismIV. Brief aside on liberalism…Current LectureI. Political IdeologyA. A comprehensive set of beliefs about the political world – about desirable political goals and the best ways to achieve these goals1. Key issues help to distinguish analytically among such ideologies, based on their assumptions and value judgments about: a. Individual human nature – nature vs. nurtureb. The proper relationship between the individual, the state, and societyc. The desirability of establishing certain kinds of equality among individualsII. Classical liberalism A. Places the highest value on individual freedom and posits that the role of governmentshould be quite limited1. Emerged as a response to rigid hierarchal societies in the 16th-18th centuries2. Each person should live responsibly but also should be allowed to live in a manner dictated by her beliefs and enjoy the benefits of efforts with minimal limitations from institutions3. The individual: Locke’s “state of nature”, rational and responsible, freedom to pursue natural rights4. The individual, the state, and society: person’s full capabilities cannot be reached when tradition and hierarchy dominate, Adam Smith’s laissez-faire economy5. Equality: legal equality is important; however, government should not try to create material equality, strong government action is undesirableIII. ConservatismA. Attempts to prevent or slow the transition away from a society based on traditional values and social hierarchyThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1. Conserve elements of existing societya. Stabilityb. Traditionc. Loyalty to Godd. Loyalty to countryB. The individual: not consistently rational, inherently unequal in intelligence, skills, and statusC. The individual, the state, and society: traditional values and ethics provide the guidelines for group cooperation and individual behavior, societal institutions should enforce these values, government should use its power to maintain social orderD. Equality: cannot be forced; disrupts the natural, cooperative hierarchy among groups, causes social conflict, and endangers the fundamental goal of order and stability IV. Brief aside on liberalism…A. In the US, a liberal is someone who supports substantial government intervention andpublic policies that increase equality of outcomesB. Why is this different? FDR and the New Deal1. Roosevelt’s political opponents labeled his policies “socialism” – a very negative label in the US so he called his policies “liberal” contrasting themwith the “conservative” policies of others, mainly RepublicansC. What FDR was calling conservatism was mostly classical liberalism, and what he was proposing as liberalism was a very modest version of democratic socialismD. FDR’s meaning of liberals versus conservatives was adopted in the US but no in most other