BIOM 121 1st Edition Lecture 2Outline of Last Lecture I. International StudiesII. GlobalizationThe Golden StraitjacketIII. CitizenshipIV. BordersA. GeographicB. PhysicalC. EconomicD. SocialE. CulturalOutline of Current Lecture I. Human SettlementsA. DisplacementB. Refugee campsII. Population GrowthIII. “The Tragedy of the Commons”IV. Malthusian DilemmaV. Availability of FoodA. FactorsVI. Food InsecuritiesA. FAOB. WFPVII. Food AvailabilityVIII. Human ContributionsA. Impacts1. Deforestation2. Desertification3. Water Quality4. Air pollution & climate changeIX. What Can You Do?A. Conservation at homeB. Carbon footprintC. Three R’sCurrent LectureI. Human SettlementsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.A. Displacement 1. Conflict and war2. Economic pressures3. Natural disastersB. Refugee Camps1. Dadaab, KenyaII. PopulationA. Rapid population growth has negative effects on the environment1. Destruction of land and natural habitats2. Species extinction3. Atmospheric pollutionIII. “The Tragedy of the Commons”A. Garrett Hardin – ecologistB. Self interest vs. harm to the groupC. Global commons1. Natural asset of the earth available to allD. Carrying capacity1. Ability of the earth to meet the needs of its populationIV. Malthusian DilemmaA. Thomas Malthus, 1766-1834B. Population grows geometrically while food supply grows arithmetically C. In modern times…1. Projected population of 9 billion by 20502. Not enough arable land combined with land degradationV. Availability of FoodA. Three factors:1. Natural disasters destroy crops and render land unavailable2. Environmental degradation through overuse of land and fertilizers3. War and the disruption of supplyVI. Food InsecurityA. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO): Food Insecurity1. Chronic undernourishmentB. United Nations World Food Program (WFP)1. Food aid and assistanceVII. Food AvailabilityA. Food prices (FAO)1. Growing demand2. Production limitations3. Increasing investor speculation in commodities marketsVIII. Human ContributionsA. Four huge impacts:1. Deforestationa. Forests are cleared for crop cultivation, grazing lands, commercial loggingb. Forests act as a carbon sink; removing trees releases carbon and contributes to climate change2. Desertificationa. Degradation of land that is the result of climate variations and human activityb. Results in decreased food production, increased downstream flooding, reduced water quality3. Water qualitya. Human activities contribute through contamination by human and animal wastes, trash, and toxic run-offs from agriculture and industry4. Air pollution & climate changea. Pollution sourced from industrial output and burning of fossil fuels b. Greenhouse gases- Carbon, methane- Trap heat in atmosphere- Climate changeIX. What Can You Do?A. Conservation at home1. Energy Star, hybrid cars, LED and CFL bulbsB. Carbon footprint1. Rethink your daily routineC. Three R’s1. Reduce: e-waste2. Reuse: Habitat for Humanity3. Recycle: waste