BIOM 121 1st Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Last Lecture N/AOutline of Current Lecture I. International StudiesII. GlobalizationThe Golden StraitjacketIII. CitizenshipIV. BordersA. GeographicB. PhysicalC. EconomicD. SocialE. CulturalCurrent LectureI. International studies: A field of inquiry that examines a broad array of human relationships that involve cross-border interactionsA. A growing field of study in the USB. Multidisciplinary: anthropology, business, communication, economics, geography, health care, history, languages, literature, political science, religion, and sociologyII. Globalization: the political, economic, social, and cultural flows across the international systemA. Includes a broad range of interactions, from trade and financial relationships to the integrated communication networks that have developed to facilitate those connectionsB. Other perspectives: hyperglobalization (text pg. 8) …”Convergence with a vengeance”1. Emphasizes the progressive erosion of the borders that have differentiated national economies and sustained the centrality of nation-statesC. Are we in a state of globalization of hyperglobalization; i.e., only “one nation under God…”?D. “Pace of globalization may be slowing.”E. “Internationalization of supply chains may have reached its limits.”F. “New technologies may reduce the attractiveness of cheap (less expensive) labor relative to capital.”G. Other perspectives: Third wave of globalization (transformationalist)…These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1. Emphasizes the complexity of globalization, with the first wave occurring during the era of the Silk Road starting in the third century BCE and the second wave occurring during the 1500’s2. Third era is unprecedented in growth and intensity due to major advances in technologyH. What is good about globalization?1. Overall standards of living can be improved through greater access to less expensive goods2. Diversification of manufacturing creates jobs in places once limited3. Empowers people economically and politicallyI. What is bad about globalization?1. People feel unable to control their destiny, left behind, manipulated, or ignored2. Increased urbanization and poor living standards3. Further divides the rich and the poor4. Cultural homogenization and extinction of traditional ways of living5. No focus on the human conditionJ. Alternatives: Isolationism1. Minimize contact with the outside world, limiting vulnerability: China, Iran, USA2. Yet, now precluded by technological innovation, integration of markets, and overlapping financial networksK. Why did US isolationism fail in the 1930’s and 40’s? 1. We got extremism with the Nazis and fascists, etc.L. Globalization gives rise to global issues1. Challenges that transcend state boundaries and require a collective response2. No single entity possesses the ability to deal with or solve these issues by itselfM. What are some examples of global issues?1. Environmental debate, terrorism, alternative energy, human rights, creation of wealth, poverty, WMDsThe Golden Straitjacket- Friedman, The Lexus and the Olive Tree- The actions that states must take in order to compete effectively in the global market- Balance the budget- Cut state bureaucracy- Promote the private sector- Encourage free tradeIII. Citizenship: The duties, rights, privileges, and responsibilities of individuals to the communityin which they resideA. Dates back to ancient Greek city-states, but the state has been the unit of citizenship since the mid-17th century (1600’s)B. Nature of citizenship changing as people rethink individual and collective identity1. “Not homeland security, but planetary security for all”C. What is a global citizen?1. An individual’s perception of the world as being a member of a global communitya. Such people are aware of the wider world, respect and value diversity, and are willing to act to make the world a more equitable and sustainable placeD. Does global citizenship pose a threat to national interests and potentially undermine the foundation of our current international order?IV. Borders - 5 types of borders (main unit of analysis – primary academic field of study)… geographic (physical earth – geography), political (state – political science), economic (markets –economics), social (class – sociology), and cultural (nations – anthropology) A. Geographic borders1. Delineate the physical world and affect how and where humans have settled and the degree to which they interact with each otherB. Political borders1. Delineate the governing entities of the world and are distinguished on the basis of territory, population, governments, and recognition by othersC. Economic borders1. Delineate the markets that promote the exchange of goods and services across the world2. Hence: trading zonesD. Social borders1. Delineate the class divisions of the world, which are formed by inequality of opportunityE. Cultural borders1. Delineate the nations of the world that form identities in terms of language, religion, ethnicity, or a common historical