UT Arlington BIOL 3442 - Exam 1 Study Guide (6 pages)

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BIOL 3442 a II III 1nd Edition Exam 1 Study Guide Lectures 1 7 Animal Physiology Exam 1 Homeostasis a Stability balance equilibrium b Regulation i Receptor receives info integration ii Control center receives processes info from receptor iii Effectors respond to command from control center by increasing or decreasing stimuli c Feedback systems i Positive FB 1 System response to amplify the change in the variable 2 Destabilizing effect so does not result in homeostasis 3 Usually a desirable end result ii Negative FB 1 Responds to reverse direction of charge 2 Antagonistic control 3 Usually to bring body back to homeostasis optimal iii Reset system 1 Negative FB system in which a set point is adjusted 2 Can be temporary permanently or cyclic 3 Examples a Temporary fever b Permanently sexual maturity c Cyclic annual hibernation iv Levels of homeostasis 1 Cellular cells control own ion concentration volume internal energy 2 Intrinsic tissues organs self serving for the particular ogan 3 Extrinsic external to the organ can override cellular intrinsic 4 Coordinated by NS endocrine system sometimes immune system 5 Control serve organism as a whole v Animals either 1 Control homeostasis strictly 2 Others avoid disturbances behaviorally 3 Or are conformers and do not adjust to change in environmental conditions vi Physiological mechanisms often depend on body size d Krogh Principle i For a loarge number of problems there will be some similar of choice or a few such animals on which it can be most conveniently studied e Homeostasis systems i Master systems 1 Nervous system IV V 2 Endocrine system ii Integumentary iii Muscle iv Cardiovascular v Respiratory vi Digestive vii Urinary viii Reproductive Universal life components a Water needed for life b Carbohydrates chitin c Lipids cell membrane d Amino acids proteins polypeptides enzymes e Nucleotides subunit of nucleic acids RNA DNA Structure of Eukaryotic cells a Nucleus cells control center i Nuclear DNA ii Site of