Exam 2 Study Guide MARB 435Phylum PoriferaVocabulary: Define the following words without looking at your notes or outside sources.- Choanocytes- Pinacocytes- Asconoid- Syconoid- Leuconoid- Filter feeder- Bioerosion- GemmulesTrue False Section: Define rather the statement is true (T) or false (F).1. ____ Sponges are filter feeders.2. ____ Sponges lack symmetry.3. ____ Sponge tissues have basal lamina and intercellular junctions.4. ____ There are five classes of sponges.5. ____ Sponges produce a current by beating the choanocyte flagella.6. ____ There are no carnivorous sponges.7. ____ Sponges can be used as natural products.8. ____ Sponges are not in the top ten of largest biomasses on tropical reefs.9. ____ Only glass sponges use fused spicules to help rebuild reefs.10. ____ Nearly 75% of the sponge reefs have already been destroyed.Multiple Choice: Choose the most appropriate answer choice for the question provided.1. The sponge tissue has a middle layer called the mesohyl that contains _________ cells.a. Ameboidb. Choanocytec. Spiculed. Porocyte2. Which sponge level of complexity has the largest surface to volume ratio and is the mostcomplex?a. Leuconoidb. Asconoidc. Syconoidd. None of the above3. Which of the following is not a class of sponges?a. Hexactinellidab. Chordatac. Calcaread. Demospongiae4. The Class Demospongiae has _______ spiculues?a. Siliceousb. Circularc. Calcareousd. All of the above5. Sponges are ___________ organism which feed on plankton and small debris?a. Unicellularb. Multicellularc. Demospongiaed. Both A & BShort Answer Questions1. Calcarea sponges have which three type of spicules?2. Demospongiae sponges represent how many sponge species? (in percentage)3. Hexactinellida have two missing tissue layers which are they?4. Many sponge supplement their nutrition by hosting what kind of symbionts?5. What kind of reproduction do sponges undergo?Phylum CtenophoraVocabulary: Define the following words without looking at your notes or outside sources.- Cilia- Actin- Myosin- Anima Pore- Vegetal Pore- Carnivorous- Asexual reproduction- CtenesTrue False: Define rather the statement is true (T) or false (F).1. ____ Phylum Ctenophore are commonly known as Comb Jellies.2. ____ The extracellular matrix doesn’t contain ameboid, nerve and myocyte cells.3. ____ Metazoans have epithelial and non-epitheleal musculature.4. ____ Ctenophores move by using their beating ctenes.5. ____ The gastrovascular system has seven distinct parts.6. ____ The ctenophore fossils extend to the Jurassic period7. ____ An invasive ctenophore is Mnemiopsis leidyi.Multiple Choice: Choose the most appropriate answer choice for the question provided.1. Ctenophores have comb rows that are arranged by individual _____?a. Ctenesb. Collocytesc. Shelthsd. Apical sense organs2. Ctenophores use _________ to acquire there prey?a. Myocytesb. Nerve cellsc. Collocytesd. Cnidocytes3. Ctenophores have how many layers to their tissue?a. 1b. 2c. 3d. 44. Muscle contactions occur when actin and myosin filaments _____ _____ each other?a. Slide pastb. Twist aroundc. Knot throughd. None of the above5. Ctenophores don’t feed on what?a. Crustaceansb. Planktonc. Smaller ctenophoresd. CnidariansShort Answer Questions1. Ctenophores have how many complete guts with how many anal pores?2. Mnemiopsis leidyi were introduced where and where have they spread too? (Hint: Two seas)3. What are the two layers of the ctenophore epidermis tissue? (HINT: Inner & Outer)Phylum BilateriaVocabulary: Define the following words without looking at your notes or outside sources.- Radial symmetry- Bilateral symmetry- Biradial symmetry- Tetramerous symmetry- Hexamerous radial symmetry- Octamerous radial symmetry- Pentameous radial symmetry- Superficial Radial symmetry- Secondary Bilateral symmetryTrue False: Define rather the statement is true (T) or false (F).1. ____ Cephalization is the process of forming a head.2. ____ Spiral and radial cleavage don’t define bilateria symmetry.3. ____ There are four main body cavity types.4. ____ Dipoblastic germ layers defines an animal with two germ layers.5. ____ Urea, Sulfur and Ammonia are the three types or nitrogenous waste products.6. ____ Urine is produced by the blastocoels.7. ____ There are five steps for excretion.Multiple Choice: Choose the most appropriate answer choice for the question provided.1. The only metazoans without symmetry are _____?a. Spongesb. Tape wormsc. Star fishd. All of the above2. Cephalization assist in forming the _____?a. CNS (Central Nervous System)b. Gastrovascular Cavityc. Anasd. None of the above3. Gastrulation is the process when the germ layers are produced; which of the following isn’t a germ layer?a. Endodernb. Blastocoelc. Mesodermd. Ectoderm4. All of the following arecoelem function except?a. Suspension of internal organsb. Secrete wastec. Act as a hydrostatic skeletond. Filtration and storage of primary urine5. The function of excretion is to maintain __________?a. Homeostatisb. The digestive tractc. Both A & Bd. None of the aboveShort Answer Questions1. Define the numerical value of the body part division for hexamerous, octamerous and pentamerous?2. Define the excretion process? (All three steps)3. Define the difference between protonephridia and metanephiridia?Phylum PlatyhelminthesVocabulary: Define the following words without looking at your notes or outside sources.- Hermaphrodites- Neoblasts- Regeneration- Tetrodoxin- Parasite- Endoparasites- Ectoparasites- Definite host- Intermediate hostTrue False: Define rather the statement is true (T) or false (F).1. ____ Platyhelminthes have a spermatozoa with three tails.2. ____ Platyhelminthes gastrovascular cavity has no anus.3. ____ The Phylum Platyhelminthe has two classes.4. ____ Platyhelminthes are herbivores.5. ____ Platyhelminthes don’t reproduce through regeneration.6. ____ “Penis fencing” is a common term used to describe Platyhelminthes reproduction.7. ____ There are four parts to the Platyhelminthe life cycle.Multiple Choice: Choose the most appropriate answer choice for the question provided.1. The ____________ is the mesodermal tissue between the gut and the epidermis.a. Tricladidab. Polycladidac. Parenchymad. Trematoda2. The Class Turbellaria has a complex body wall musculature for looping in three main directions. Which of the following isn’t one of the musculature directions?a. Circularb. Triangularc. Diagonald.