Lecture 5 MARB 435Outline of Last Lecture1. Introduction to Metazoaa. Metazoan tissuesb. Extracellular Matrix (ECM)c. Intercellular junctions2. Origin of Metazoa3. Embryology4. Important Terminology5. Introduction to Zooplanktona. Life in the water column6. Types of Planktona. Mesozooplanktonb. Macrozooplanktonc. Megazooplankton7. Temporary and Permanent Zooplankton8. Planktonic Larvaea. Pros & Cons of Larvae9. Metamorphosis10. Challenges of Planktonic Life11. Defenses from Predation12. FeedingOutline of Current Lecture1. Writing Lab & Library Research Presentation2. Locomotion of Plankton3. Vertical Migration4. Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR)5. Ocean Acidification6. Possible Effects of PlanktonCurrent Lecture Locomotion of PlanktonPlankton can move in a variety of ways but the three main ways are cilia which have been discussed throughout the notes. Secondly, the usage of jointed appendages is common such as small legs or arms. Finally, a mean of locomotion is whole body contractions such as the Diels swimming rhythms. This is where the fish moves up and down using their body to help them travel throughout the water. Whole body contractions are common in mesozooplankton.Vertical MigrationMost zooplankton control their vertical position by either directly swimming or by changing their buoyancy. Zooplankton also use the mechanisms to keep them active at night where they eat where as they spend the day hiding from predators. During the day plankton will travel to deeper waters during the day to hide. Also, plankton leaves the deeper waters to mate leaving the benthic lifestyle for reproductive purposes.Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR)CPR was made by Sir Allister Harder of England to record plankton using a small metal machine that’s three feet by three feet. The machine is attached to boats which catch plankton that can be used for research and analysis. The CPR is used to run large scale studies of plankton.Ocean AcidificationThis section discusses the various acids and chemical reactions that are found or take place in the ocean water. For example, Carbon Dioxide, CO2 forms bicarbonate HCO3- and carbonate in seawater which lowers the pH. Increases in the carbonate pressure from 280 µatm to 370 µatm (µatm is a measurement to represent pressure) has been recorded to decrease the ocean surface pH by 0.12 units to current 8.2. It’s predicted to decrease by 0.3 units soon.Possible Effects of PlanktonDespite the pros and cons of being plankton and effect that can affect plankton is an increase in net phytoplankton productivity. This can sustain more