SOC-S320 1nd Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Last Lecture Outline of Current Lecture II. Statistical approach (Drukheim)III. Moral boundary approach (Erikson)IV. Social labeling approach (Becker)V. Who makes social rules?Current LectureDurkheim – The Statistical Approach- Deviance: Exceptional forms of behavior encountered in only minority cases, morbid phenomena that deviate from healthiness. - Healthinesso Functionalism: striving for normalcy Normal: forms of organization that are most advantageous Context dependent – Time, place, development, evolutiono For science, good and evil do not exist. No mention of morality- Deviance is inevitable, normal and necessary- Paradoxical conclusion: Deviance is a factor in public health, an integrative element of a healthy society.Erikson – The moral boundary approach- Deviance: norm violating conduct, which is generally thought to require the attention of social control agencies, like law enforcement. o Breach of boundaries agreed upon by the communityo Not a property inherent in certain forms of behaviorso Conferred to certain forms by a social audience- Norms: the accumulation of decisions made by the community over long periods of time. Gradually gather enough moral influence to serve as a precedent for future decisions. - Boundaries: controls, which limit the possible behaviors of individuals to maintain the constancy and stability of the larger environment.- Community screen: Subjective lens through which the community views behaviorBecker – The social reaction/labeling approachThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Critical of past approacheso Statistical approach: ignores issues of values and morals, overlooks judgment process, too far removed from concern with rule breaking. o Functional approach: ignores power and conflict in the construction of deviance Who gets to decide the purpose of the group? Who determines the best way to resolve an issue? Rehab or Prison, for drug related issues? What rules are to be enforced? What behaviors do we value?o Moral boundary approach: ignores issues of values Assumes consensus on too many issues. No consideration for the individual. Society is treated too much as a whole entity.Social rules are the creation of specific social groups- Not everyone agrees on everything- A person may feel he is being judged according to rules that he has had no hand in making and does not accept. Rules forced on him by outsiders.- Who can enforce rules and when does this process succeed? Fail?Disagrees with the following statements- There is something inherent about an act that makes it deviant - There is something inherent about a person that makes him or her deviant- The values of the group imposing the deviant label are absoluteDeviance – anything that is labeled as such from the product of a transaction that takes place between some social group and another who is viewed by the dominant group as a rule breaker. - Difference between deviance and crime? Legal repercussions?- Whether an act is deviant depends on how other people react to it, who commits the act, when it is committed, where it is committed.o Celebrities drinking and driving vs. common civilian drinking and driving (rehab vs.