SOC-S320 1nd Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture II. Statistical approach (Drukheim)III. Moral boundary approach (Erikson)IV. Social labeling approach (Becker)V. Who makes social rules?Outline of Current Lecture VI. Critical TheoryVII. Underage Drinking examples of TheoriesVIII. Marijuana reformIX. Psychological ApproachX. Sociological ApproachCurrent LectureCritical theory – deviance as an act of power. - 5 grams of crack is punished the same as 500 grams of cocaine when the only relevant difference is the demographic who uses crack. Used as a form of racism that has not yet been changed significantly. Said to be brought down to an 18:1 ratio, but unclear if this isbeing enforced. Examples of Underage Drinking and Deviance- Statistical approach – 52% of people drink so its not deviant because the majority of people do so. Only 30% of people drunk drive, making it deviant. - Moral Boundary Approach – In the U.S drinking underage would be breaking the law, butin other countries there is no drinking age. Morals constantly change depending on the community you are in. Who decides what is moral? Morally it is more universally deviantto drunk drive because there it is seen as more selfish, you could end up killing innocent people in the process. - Social reaction – is here a fundamental difference between those who drink underage and those who do not? It depends more on the context of the person, where they live, who they socialize with. Ex. IU’s campus has a drinking culture, many social interaction center around alcohol. These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Marijuana Reform- Statistically marijuana use is not deviant, around 50% or people use it- Moral boundary: Unclear. Depends on the type of usage, medical or recreational, if it is legal in the setting. - Labeling/ social reaction: Demonized in the media making it seem more deviant and stigmatized. Ex. Reefer madness Societal benefits of illegal marijuana- Financial incentives for the state. Making money off of incarcerations etc. - Creating social networks that may not have been there otherwise, a community and a way to make a living that may not be possible by legal means, especially for lower classes and immigrants who lack the same opportunities as other classes. Social Pathology, Degeneracy and Medicalization How does medicalization occur? Medicine is not absolute; medicalization is constantly happening and ongoing (Anderson)Degeneracy: Deviance as an illness that endangers society, blamed on defective individuals who are biologically inferior. Social Pathology: Illness that endangers society and is blamed on forces that are out of the control of the person.Biological Approach- Genetic inheritance- Inheritance of specific tendencies- Inheritance of constitutional weaknessCriticisms- Lacks causation. Are people predisposed to be more likely to use marijuana?- Eugenics in Indiana in 1907Psychological Approach- Deviance as a result of intelligence, personality, thought process, motives, attitudes.- Fails to look outside of the individual. Does not explain collective deviance, such as the drug-dealing network. - Fails to account for individual deviance: Episodic psychopaths. It is rare that any one person has NEVER broken the law, most of us have even if it were just going over thespeed limit. We would be psychotic when we chose to break the law, but would return to normal right after we are done. Sociological Approach- Deviance as a result of social structure, group, role, status, symbolic interaction.o Great American City: Chicago and the Enduring Neighborhood Effect book – maybe the social issues are more about the area and surroundings rather than the people who live there. Rates of poverty, violence, and deviance remain unchanged even as entirely different groups move in and out of the area. o Brick Mansions