BIOL 317 1st Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture - SoilOutline of Current Lecture - Climate Current Lecture- Biome Vertisols - Swelling clays and also contain high base cations and high cation change capacity - Swell when they get wet and shrink when they dry - Humid to high rainfall areas Spodosols - Boreal regions, contain spotic (hard layer made up off AlO2, FeO2, organic matter) horizons - Hardwoods, coniferous- Low base cations - Slightly acidic Aridosols - Soil in arid environments - Low concentration of organic material - Mostly in deserts Mollisols - High base cations - Agriculture occurs above mollisols Alfisols - Found typically under deciduous forests - Mildly acidic - highly acidic soil knocks off cations and replaces it with hydrogen - Medium rainfallThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Ultisolsl - Subtropical areas, found in humid environments - Warm temperate - High acidity - Low base cations Oxisols - Highl weathered soils that have been exposed to extreme weathering - Oxic horizon that is light in color, because everything is leeched out - Low base cations What drives the climate?- Sun - Global Energy balance - Ein=Eout if it is unbalanced the temperature will change - 30% of sunlight reflected - Albedo - the percentage of light reflected back to space - 70% of sunlight absorbed in biosphere o Energy is absorbed as heat, little for plantso And that heat is let out into the atmosphere - Heat must be dissipated to balance energy input, energy is needed for the following:o Reradiated at night o Converted to wind o Involved in evaporation o All leaves eventually in the form of terrestrial long wave radiation Intertorpical convergence - major climatic heat engine on earth Ocean Currents - Due to air currents - Absorbed solar energy influences water current - Strongly influenced by continental positions - Effected by corilos effect Regional Climate - Produces distinct biomes, which are influenced by:o atmospheric circulation o Ocean currents o Topography o Vegetation (important for keeping forests) Costal deserts - cold ocean currents  Eastern vs western Oregon  Amazon