BIOL 317 1st Edition Lecture 7 Outline of Last Lecture - Climate Outline of Current Lecture - Micro/Macro ClimateCurrent Lecture- Aquatics Climate diagrams- Left y-axis labels temperature and right y-axis labels precipitation in mm- When precipitation exceeds average temperature on chart then there is sufficient rainfall for vegetation in that area- Growing season is identified by the highlighted months Climate diagram- Temperature is bottom line and rain is the line above - Yellow in a climate diagram represents evaporation exceeding precipitation- Check figure 2.7Climate - Temperature is variable from the equator to the poles - There is more moisture in temperate regions than at the equator - Equator has more organisms Whittaker- Came up with Whittaker graph, all biomes fall under three triangles, warm and moist, warm and dry, and cold and dry Soil - Rainforest o Oxisols o Andisols These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Heavily weathered - Savanna o Aridosols - Woodland o Fire adapted o Inkeptisols o Aridosols o Alfisols - Grassland o Mollisols- Temperate forest o Alfisolso Ultisolsl - Boreal o Spodosols - Tundra o Inkeptisols o Entisols o Histisols o organic matter tied in permafrost - Desert o AridosolsCaliche - when salt and rock is stuck on top of the soil after evaporation Mountains - Mountain tops are islands in the sky - Volant organism - flying creatures - Glacial refugia - organisms that survive ice ages migrate to the top of the mountain, when their climate keeps getting warmer those animals go extinct o Flying squirrel Microclimate - Small scale - Where organisms live within a biome- Microclimate is more important to individuals of a species in a patchy dispersion within the general distribution - Climate on local scale- Within 1 m of the ground - Climate surrounding individuals - Climate surrounding organism parts o Leaf o Tick o DeerMacroclimate - Determines biomes - Macroclimate correlates with general distributional patterns of species in a biomeNorthern Mountains - South facing slopes are sunnier, warmer, drier, and have greater fluctuation in temperature- North facing slope are less sunnier, less drier, and have lesser temperature fluctuation - North or South facing impacts what animals and plants live there o Deer use north facing slope during summer but rely on south facing slopes in winter and spring because they are warmer and plants grow earlierAquatic Life- Water 120 million years ago was called Panthalassa - one global ocean Freshwater - Lakes* --- streams* --- rivers*, which are uni or bi directional Estuarine - Fresh and salt water mix- Oligohaline* .05 to 5 parts per thousand- Mesohaline 5 to 18 parts per thousand - Polyhaline* 18 to 30 parts per thousand (saltiest)Marine- Costal intertidal* (Intertidal zone - is the area that varies between high and low tides) 35 parts per thousand- Near shore - impacted by terrestrial environment o Near shore has more nutrients for phytoplankton to feed on - Off-shore o Biological desert *Sometimes aquatic and sometimes terrestrial - wetland ecosystems Brine - when water is built up with salt 97% - salt water 78% - glaciers 1% - liquid waterAquatic Microclimates vs. Terrestrial- Aquatic environments generally show less temperature variation than do terrestrial environments o Thermally stable than terrestrial - Always wet - Greater pressure gradients - Light attenuation (extinction of light as you move away from the source) is greater in aquatic systems - Physical factors control the distribution of plants in terrestrial systems, plants may alter the environment to affect distribution of animals and other plants - Aquatic environment is more