BIOL 317 1st Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture - Climate Outline of Current Lecture - Climate Current Lecture- Types of Climate Dr. Ed’s Rule of Ecology- There are always exceptions - For every problem in nature there are multiple solutions - Extremes are more important than averages - Use it or lose it- For every adaptations there are advantages and disadvantages - MCI statement - ecological systems involve many complex and interacting factors What drives the climate?- Sun - Global Energy balance - Ein=Eout if it is unbalanced the temperature will change - 30% of sunlight reflected - Albedo - the percentage of light reflected back to space - 70% of sunlight absorbed in biosphere o Energy is absorbed as heat, little for plantso And that heat is let out into the atmosphere - Heat must be dissipated to balance energy input, energy is needed for the following:o Reradiated at night o Converted to wind o Involved in evaporation o All leaves eventually in the form of terrestrial long wave radiation Intertorpical convergence - major climatic heat engine on earth Ocean Currents - Due to air currents - Absorbed solar energy influences water current These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Strongly influenced by continental positions - Effected by corilos effect Regional Climate - Produces distinct biomes, which are influenced by:o atmospheric circulation o Ocean currents o Topography o Vegetation (important for keeping forests) Costal deserts - cold ocean currents  Eastern vs western Oregon  Amazon basin - Majority of deserts are 30 degrees north and south of EquatorTemperature and precipitation are principle controls of climate - Precipitation is the supply - Humidity determines demand- Temperature is moisture interaction - Seasonal distribution of rainfall is more important than average amount of rainfallo Timing of precipitation with respect to temperature is more important than amount - Maximum amount of water held in the atmosphere is saturated water vapor density o As temperature increases saturation of water vapor density (moisture) increasesClimate - As air cools precipitation occurs - If heat is added to water they evaporate - Temperature and moisture are inseparable - Elevation effects temp - Temperature and moisture effect plant distribution and animal distributionPrecipitation shadow - Mountain ranges block cold fronts as they are obstacles. Terrestrial biomes correspond closely toclimate and are affected by prevailing factors such as temperature and precipitation - As clouds cool off, precipitation occurs- As clouds move up the mountain, it is known as orographic precipitation - Orographic lift - is when adiabatic cooling occurs, air cools as it rises. The clouds then drop off onthe other side of the mountain and start gathering moisture from the land - Other side of mountain has rain shadow- Himalayan mountains block off precipitation, which causes the clouds to absorb moisture from the land once it reaches the other side of the mountain, forming the