UGC 112 1st Edition Lecture 24 Outline of Current Lecture I. Looking Toward the FutureII. Themes: RemindersIII. Decline of Violence in the Modern Worlda. ‘Bottom Billion’IV. Global Warminga. Competition for EnergyV. Ideology and Extremisma. Anti-Immigrant SentimentsCurrent Lecture “Modern Times”Looking Toward the FutureEve of WWI, cataclysmic eventBosnia and next to it is Serbia. This is where the spark was struck“Zdravo”—BosniaHas a separate Serbian republic in it Religion 40% Muslim o Sunni not Shiite Muslim 31 % orthodox 15 % roman catholic (Croatia dominated by this) 14 % otherThemes: Reminders Basic needs: food, family Change: continuous or “punctuated equilibrium”?o Continuous progress, existed in the long peace, concert of Europe 1815-1914o Notion of punctuated equilibrium until all of a sudden a lurch upward or downwardThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Discovery of the new world Globalization and economic changeo Cultural contact  Impacts of Technology war Growing significance of ‘rights’o Human rights have been an important aspect of democratizationo Fundamental dignity and equality of everyone, right to fair and equal treatmento Need for special provisions for the young, aged, physically/mentally disabledDecline of violence in the Modern WorldThe French Revolution was inspiring, bloody, nationalistic, fear inspiring. It had launched a wave of concern Democracy—no one had right to vote Commerce—the links that come through trade, much better than war. Trade pays war costs. CommonwealthRise of ‘human rights’ Early US role—we were pioneers in crucial respectso 14 points of Woodrow Wilson Even during WWII we were planning for a new organization  UDHR—universal declaration of human rights. Has some ideas in it that are drawn largely from the west especially from area of civil and political rights Since 1948 and adoption of UDHR, member states of UN have adopted agreements on matters of commerce, matters involving responsibility to protect, notion of protecting rights of women,  Example: gay rights o South Africa was first to say okay to gay marriage despite homophobia. Because their constitution established no discrimination ‘Bottom Billion’1/3 of the children are malnourished in EthiopiaImportant: what kinds of traps have these countries and inhabitants faced? Paul Coullier identifies four1. Conflict—civil war ongoing or occurred recently. 3/4 of bottom billion have been caught in war2. Weak economies—might be dependent on a single export, market crises, no domestic manufacturing capability, rely on expensive imports, might be very rich paradoxically, no such thing as sovereign wealth fund. 3. Landlocked—bad neighbors or location4. Bad governance—social and cultural expectations. If you pay for something you expect to get a safe healthy product in return. Who are they?Income levels are measured relative to the populationChina has a large population. Japan doesn’t have many people who are poorGlobal WarmingGlobal climate change; the trend is clearly toward greater warming. Cause is clearly because of CO2 and other things that cause heat Water is critically short2070: Who Will get Water?Fertile crescent is going to dry up again Competition for Energy Geographic Concentration—We do not know how finite our supply is; we always hope we can switch it if we run out. One reason to start looking for coal. Coal is big and bulky, 1869 start looking at petroleum. WWI—British navy used diesel fuel, petroleum while German still using fuel? Saudi Arabia and natural gas can come about by fracking. Fracking is efficient and potentially very dangerous. Proprietary information—we do not know what goes into the earth. Chemicals have already seeped into earth, water. Notice how much energy is in the Middle East, stable area. Energy is not distributed equally, not like human rights.  Gas-guzzling in America—Top 5 countries per capita in terms of energy consumptionTop 5 countries in terms of energy production per capita. 3 sources Growing DemandsIdeology and ExtremismMatthew Shepherd—was gay and beaten, tied up with barbed wireNortheast Nigeria—teenage girls kidnapped. Nigerian government has no idea where they are When does it occur—ideologies can arise at times of high social stress. Consider unrest in middle east, turmoil that is part of Italy Many foundationso Think of Nazism, wanted a pure society Flat world—and back againGlobalization 1.0Globalization 2.0Globalization 3.0Anti-immigrant sentimentsEurope—10% of population is MuslimUnited StatesLatin America: