UGC 112 3rd Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Current Lecture I Transatlantic Contact and Commerce II The Portuguese III Genocide and Gene Exchange a Big Questions for Today IV The Renaissance V Pre 1492 Life in the New World VI Gifts from the Old World VII Destruction of Empires a A Brave Woman b European Offshoot or Multicultural c Caribbean Problems Current Lecture Transatlantic Contact and Commerce 1450 1600 Europeans conquer and colonize the Americas Plants animals products and unfortunately germs moved from afro Eurasian landmasses to the Americas Europeans became empire builders Commerce was just recovering from the destruction of the Black Death Chinese Economy Revived The country was prosperous because of its vast internal economy Along China s internal trading networks there was rice paper and other products India also had a favorable trade balance exporting more than they were importing with Europe and West Asia They exported textiles and pepper in exchange for silver India was different from China because they didn t obey simply one political authority They had a good amount of autonomy from political affairs They flaunted exotic goods Hence the Indian Ocean trade connected a wide array of consumers and producers far before Europeans arrived on the scene Meleka was India s main trade entrep t commercial hub for long distance trade These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Overland Commerce caravan trade Aleppo in Syria was a very successful entrep t By the late 16 th century was the most important commercial center in southwest Asia Ottoman authorities gained considerable tax profits from caravan trade The Portuguese Innovations in maritime technology helped sailors navigate the strong waters along the African Coast They also adopted a Chinese advancement gunpowder Africa became a valuable trading area sugarcane was grown here and on what was called the Gold Coast the Portuguese established ports of call and fortresses Slave labor enabled Portugal and Spain to build large plantations in their first legitimate colonies regions under the political control of another country Portuguese seafarers traveled into the Indian Ocean Vasco de Gama was the first Portuguese mariner to reach the Indian Ocean To assert their dominance over Indian Ocean trade the Portuguese introduced a pass system that required ships to pay for cartazes documents that identified the ship s captain the size of the ship and crew and its cargo Only with the discovery of the Americas and the conquest of Brazil did Portugal become an important empire with large overseas colonies Genocide and gene exchange Evidence on both sides Conscience and wide spread killing of certain populations but also damage done by brand new diseases Great Gene exchange the world had never before experienced this It was and remains unique in human history Zebra mussel prolific breather inside the waterways Asian carp Japanese knot weed Big questions for today Great gene exchange negative and positive Know the arguments and know the evidence Was this conscious or unconscious genocide Styles of warfare and their Impact Amerindians the first peoples Native Americans Effects of Immigration Ama Suwa ama qella ama llulla This means don t steal don t idle don tlie language Quechua From the Highlands of Peru and Bolivia hat wearing is widespread universal You are known by what you wear Renaissance Came relatively recently Literally means rebirth Evolved a new way of looking at the world compared with the style that had prevailed from 400 1450 1 New aesthetic different education Result humanism Use of perspective seen in European art Philosophy portrayed differences Aristotle Plato Socrates All of them came because the Muslims kept them Old Greek manuscripts Conservation of culture is incredibly important 2 Very secular interests 3 Humanism the notion that humans are the appropriate measuring stick Not just God not just trying to accumulate favors fro the future Pre 1492 Life in the New World Self supporting Proteins there were two major sources besides fish A bird proposed by Ben Franklin as national bird of US the turkey Dog Fruits Vegetables and potatoes were versatile and had significant amount of calories per kilo The Atlantic World New technologies helped Europeans to expand but they brought more than new cultures to the isolated world they brought deadly pathogens with them as well Amerindian populations suffered dramatically The large slave trade in Africa began as a result of this disaster because the labor shortages were so large Thus emerged the Atlantic Ocean system which involved the links between Europe Africa and the Americas New World applied to the Americas reflects the Europeans view that anything previously unknown to them was new even if it had existed and supported societies long before European explorers arrived on its shores Christopher Columbus set foot on the beach of San Salvador in the Bahamas on October 12 1492 He was seeking Asian commodities but wound up searching for three voyages before he found valuable products in the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean Gifts from the Old World Protein Sources Horses Farrell means wild like a tiger Tame means will not reproduce in captivity Domesticated social creatures with humans Diseases Typhus the disease that most likely killed Anne Frank Chicken pox and flu also came None of these existed in the new world 25 million to 1 million population of Mexico dropped Fisherman coming from Europe had certainly arrived by the 16th century Effects unconscious genocide the diseases sometimes the possibility of intentional genocide Four consequences 1 Amerindians were enslaved Most of them died due to inhumane treatment Africans were brought in to fill their places There was an extraordinary acceleration of the slave trade 2 There were societies that had lost huge numbers to these causes Going to be demoralized from cult of spirits to alcoholism 3 Forcible and willing religious conversion Indigenous beliefs were stamped out The Spanish in particular caught up with the ideas of the Counter Reformation 4 Languages Bolivia Peru Paraguay Yucatan Peninsula language of the Aztecs Languages linger on Destruction of Empires Map focusing on central part of Mexico and the linear empire in South America The fateful moment Guy named Cortes who landed in Veracruz in the Yucatan