ECOL 1000 1nd Edition Lecture 27 Outline of Last Lecture I. Genetic diversityII. Selective breedingIII. Genetic engineeringOutline of Current Lecture II. Selective breeding vs. genetic modificationIII. FrankenfishIV. Bt cornV. Golden riceCurrent Lecture- Selective breeding and genetic modificationo Artificial selection and crossbreeding (which is selective breeding)o GMO: Taking a gene from a cell of one species and inserting into another GMO: Genetically Modified Organisms: engineered Use enzymes to cut gene segments from species A Enzymes to insert genes into species Glofish- Created by Japanese scientist with DNA molecules glowing ocean plant- Not regulated by FDA USDA or EPA- Registered trademark- If released, how will they co-exist?- Do they have the same rights as other fish even though they are human modified fish? Will they be protected by the Endangered Species Act?- Phylogenetic tree: shows the relationships of living organisms from prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells to humans- Cisgenic: genes from a related speciesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Transgenic: genes from unrelated species- Frankenfish: genetically engineered salmon that allows eggs to grow in half the time as regular atlantic salmon, very first genetically engineered animal for human consumption- AquAdvantage Salmono All femaleo Triploido Extra chromosomeso Abnormal developmento Sterilityo Concerned what if they escape from captivity? Will triploidy ensure female sterility?- “Bt corn” : corn that is resistant to corn borer and other insectso Bacillus thuringiensiso Corn expresses endotoxin from bacterium in all tissueso Protects against corn rootworm and corn borers that feed deep in stalks- “roundup ready” soybeanso Herbicide tolerant cropso Engineered to withstand doses of herbicide- BT cotton and BT corn are engineered to be pest resistant- Soybeans, corn, and canola oil are herbicide tolerant- Virtually ALL soybeans grown in USA are transgenic herbicide-tolerant- Over half of cotton and corn in the US is genetically modified- Golden riceo Genetically engineered cropo Help consumers that are weakened by vitamin-A deficiency o Ingo Petykus developed a strain of rice that was engineered to produce beta-carotene and help eliminate vitamin A deficiencyo Inserted genes from bacteria and daffodils into the rice to cause it to produce beta carotene in the starchy
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