Trading spouses Commerce and Culture 500-1500Modern 1500-today The Third Wave – the period from 500-1500- “Something old, something new”Who and where?Divergent patternsContact interaction becomes more important/ frequent/ extensive - Trade- Larger empires- Cultural /religious diffusion TRADE generally-Wanting what you haven got -Locally generated surplus and deficit - Local monopolies: spice, silk- Incredibly long distances- Reshapes local realities- Producing for the world not yourself- The pitfalls of the world market - Resets elite status-Material markers , Merchants as (parasitic) elite- Creates new states at trade hubs TANG DYNASTY-618-907 (CAMEL)Silk Roads- Relay trade: no one goes- A to z - Productive tensions btw nomadic and farming civilizations-Nomads provide trade links between empires.- Long distance trade needs stability: huge states and safe passage. Buddhism:- Spreads through merchants to oases later to nomads- Transforms cities and people- Mahayana- the Buddhist vehicle. “Get on the bus”Disease- 430-429 BCE , 1 in 4 Athenians die- diseases boost Christianity, Buddhism - 534-750: Bubonic Plague-Justinian’s plague:541-542 Constantinople- second wave: 1346-1350:-33% of Europe dead-long term benefitsSea Roads:- Mediterranesan Sea (small) and indian Ocean (big)- Lower costs, larger loads (silk road=luxury items)- Knowing which way the wind blows (monsoons)Rise of:- China (Tang and Song) 618-1279- Islam (from 7th century. Pro businesses)-salt mines and slavery- Venice (here comes the Renaissance) East Africa Swahilli amd hybridity 8 th century v vTrans-Saharan Trade: Sand Roads- Salt for gold- Early Sudanic trade and Jenne Jeno- 300-400 CE: camels make it all happen- 70 day journey with massive caravans.- Empires flourish--Mali (Mansa Musa and pilgrimage) - Ghana-Songhai-Kanem-Bornu- Cosmopolitan and wealthy through extensive tradeTHE AMERICAS- The North-south story and limitations-no wheels-no donkeys-no big ships- But: cahokian effect, Hopewell interaction sphere- Aztec, Maya, Teotihuacanian merchants (pochteca)- Inca: state monopoly on merchants, Inca roadsSong Economy- Massive economy feeding its own and the worlds appetitesWomen - Tang Dynasty=relative freedom- A sad song=relative oppression-Confucian ideology-Foot bindingThe Nomads- Northern horse based group- Reason to hate them:-Took Chinese products without asking- Were warlike and dangerous- Reason to love them- Horses as capital - Heavenly blood sweating horses- Facilitate silk road trade- When they invaded would quickly adapt to chines cultureJin Dynastay (1115-1234) paintingThe Tribute SystemPutting the middle in the middle kingdom- Began in Han (200BCE-200CE)- Ordered Chinese world- In practice trade or even reverse tribune- The language of powerKorea, Japan, Vietnam- Korea peninsular contact and multiple kingdoms- Sui and Tang Dynasty attempts to invade/control are rebuffed lat 600s- Chinese culture= legitimacy- Womens status goes down- Yangban class and confuciam elite- Hangul and king Sejon