Technology and HRM Class 16 10 15 Sang Hoon Han PhD Candidate CPA Department of Management and Human Resources Fisher College of Business The Ohio State University Preview Technology and Work AI at Work AI and Un employment AI and People Management Remote Work Technology and Work Technology and Work Technology changes the way people perform tasks Technology influences efficiency and effectiveness of HR activities What is Technology The application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes especially in industry Oxford Dictionary Technological Revolutions Use of wheel and slope Technological Revolutions Industrial revolution Automated weaving machines Transportation International trade Technological Revolutions 1 pin 4 800 pins on average Conveyor belt Technological Revolutions Second industrial revolution Steam engine Electric light Technological Revolutions Scientific technical revolution Technological Revolutions Information revolution The Nature of Technology Lower cost Better quality The rise of technology is a drop in the cost of production distribution communication and information search Significant price drops create opportunities to do things we have never done The Nature of Technology Machines reduced the cost of production Railroads reduced the cost of transportation Computers reduced the cost of computation Google reduced the cost of information search AI reduced the cost of prediction The most basic model of an HP 3000 sold for 95 000 in 1972 Technology and HRM Technology changes roles of people The changed roles require people to acquire new skills People need to be motivated to take the new responsibilities 15 AI at Work Technology s Influence on Contemporary Workplace Can you name the major changes modern technology is making in the current workplace Automation and artificial intelligence Telecommuting and virtual collaboration Gig economy Big data analytics Shift to the cloud 17 AI Usage At Work Business consultants now commonly use the sophisticated ability of intelligent technologies that autonomously sift through complex data and identify potential problems and solutions for clients Davenport 2018 Financial professionals employ advice and instruction from intelligent software before making recommendations to their clients Engineers use intelligent machines to identify and resolve technical problems Allen Choudhury 2022 18 Positive Outcomes of AI Usage At Work Increase work efficiency and employee engagement Malik et al 2023 Enhance creative output from employees Jia et al 2022 Generate valuable feedback Ackerman Kanfer 2020 Amabile 2020 Tong et al 2021 Convert large amounts of unstructured data into understandable knowledge help employees decision making and fulfilling job requirements Davenport Kirby 2016 Mitchell Brynjolfsson 2017 Rahwan et al 2019 Senoner et al 2022 19 Negative Outcomes of AI Usage At Work Less authentic less ethical Decisions as less fair Lack trust in them Role ambiguity Negatively affect employee passion Efendic et al 2020 Jago 2019 Newman et al 2020 Tang et al 2022a 2022b Increased employment insecurity AI s augmented capabilities replace human labor Yam et al 2022 20 Negative Outcomes of AI Usage At Work Manipulate human employees conversations Traeger et al 2020 Engage in collusive decisions with other intelligent machines Generate biased decisions and group think Abada Lambin 2022 Choudhury et al 2020 21 Individual Differences as Moderators in AI Outcome Relationships Employees skill level moderate the AI s effectiveness in enhancing creativity Jia et al 2022 High conscientiousness can be a misfit with AI usage at work because the role overlaps conscientious human and conscientious AI Tang et al 2022b Employees with high core self evaluation perceive higher self esteem threat by the use of AI whereas employees with low core self evaluation more benefited from using AI to make work goal progress Tang et al 2022a 22 Context as Moderators in AI Outcome Relationships Human ownership while working with AI Human employees expertise and existing relevant knowledge mitigate biased decisions that AI can make Choudhury et al 2020 Traeger et al 2020 The characteristics of organizations and units Einola Khoreva 2023 Task complexity affects AI s decision accuracy and efficiency Lawler Elliot 1996 23 Automation and AI How can people s jobs benefit from automation and AI Automation and AI expand human abilities in three ways Amplifying cognitive strength Freeing us for higher level tasks Extending our physical capabilities 24 AI and Un employment 26 27 28 Automation and AI More likely to be automated Routinized tasks Little creativity Little social intelligence Less likely to be automated More perception and manipulation Finger dexterity Manual dexterity Working in a small or awkward spaces More creative intelligence Creative or original ideas Adaptive thinking and problem solving More social intelligence Social perceptiveness Negotiation Persuasion Assisting and caring for others Automation and AI Automation and AI Traditional jobs are declining and transformed into new jobs Automation and AI Traditional jobs are declining and transformed into new jobs AI and People Management Automation or Augmentation From automation to augmentation Automation does not simply replace human workforce but augment humans by machine and algorithmic labor Most automation occurs at the level of specific work tasks not at the level of whole jobs Focus should be placed on the synergy between human and automation Automation and Skill Development Automation requires employees to learn how to work with machines rather than being the substitute of machines Companies need to upskill and reskill employees Internal training Partnership with suppliers and consulting firms Partnership with government Personal learning 37 Automation and Motivation How can employers motivate employees to use automation or work with AI Self determination theory Need for competence help people learn and understand Need for autonomy let people control the machine and have autonomy Need for relatedness pay attention to emotional and social wellbeing of employees Remote Work Telecommuting and Virtual Collaboration Connection with anyone anytime anywhere Pros and Cons of Telecommuting for Employers Pros Provides flexible work arrangements Expands the applicant pool Reduce office costs Reduce travel injuries Improve morale Cons Control supervision issues Reduces face to face interaction Security
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