Study Guide 3 Monday October 20 2014 8 05 PM Social Learning Theory Efficient Cost effective Reduces recidivism Most of the learning achieved by humans occurs through a process of observational learning We learn through observing interactions behaviors anything we can see can be a catalyst for learning behaviors Social learning programs dominate correctional rehabilitation endeavors social learning big daddy youtube video Modeling and environment are critical components of learning Modeling provided by others serves several functions Demonstration of actual behavior NBA dunk contest a lot of what we ve seen is a model of what people have done from the past Prompts to tell us when to use the behavior In big daddy clip at first the kid thinks he can use the bathroom wherever he wants and then after a while he realizes he needs to go in the men s bathroom Motivation to use the newly acquired skill A situation where the kid is learning to tie his shoe and he gets a good job that will motivate him to continue that Disinhibition to try new skills Trying new things can be scary but when you see people like Michael Jordan dunking the ball you may think you may be able to too Social learning has a strong cognitive component Organizing your thoughts in a way that informs that behavior and talks you through engaging in that sort of behavior Unfortunately modeling also promotes the learning of criminal behavior We can learn good and bad behavior the wire differential association youtube video Who Makes a Good Role Model Opportunities to view modeled interactions and to practice or respond to others facilitates offender s learning Attractiveness we re more likely to model ourselves to someone we find attractive in personality behavior not only appearance Competence you want to make sure the person being modeled has good sense in their behavior Extent to which the person role model is rewarded If a star quarterback throws winning touchdown and he s being recognized with good feedback people will want to emulate them Quality of the relationship and mutual liking whether or not the counselor and client have a good relationship can be an important factor Enthusiasm how excited it the counselor to help the client Openness Flexibility Warm and Caring Empathic Sets Appropriate Limits firm but fair Skilled in interpersonal relationships being ablt to get along with someone and understand what they re going through Afford client freedom to express their opinions and feelings if they have something to get of their chest they should feel comfortable Study Guide 3 Page 1 chest they should feel comfortable Models prosocial behavior Counselor shouldn t tell client how to get through their tests Demonstrates Respect Critiques the behavior and not the person not all alcoholics are bad people but abusing it is a bad behavior and doesn t help them Retains belief in the client s ability to succeed and in his or her inherent worth as an individual we can all work through our problems don t give up Demonstrates appropriate reinforcement and disapproval approve of the successes and disapprove of poor behavior or if someone sees a person being reinforced for a good behavior they are going to want to immitate that Fig 8 1 in book When there is a distant relationship between counselor and client there is a small chance there will be behavioral change Pg 169 170 Guidelines for anti criminal modeling The Process of Observational Learning The process o observational learning involves the following Attentional Process You think how you can replicate and use a behavior you ve Retention Process Motor Reproduction Process Motivatinal Process Cognitive Therapies Cognitive therapies focus on the way in which people thing i e future planning empathy flexibility responsibility consequences There are two approaches to cognitive and cognitive behavioral therapies Cognitive Restructuring Changing the content of what a person thinks Cognitive Skills Changing how a person thinks Content vs the process Many meta analyses of cognitive interventions with juvenile and adult offenders have shown the programs to be highly effective Rational Emotive Therapy RET a type of cognitive restructuring is concerned with the emotions and thoughts that impair our existence Distress comes from a series of irrational beliefs about themselves others and the world negative thought process All or nothing thinking Overgeneralization Looking at the world in black and white they don t see the in between If you think about an instance where a guy approaches a girl and asks to take her out and the girl shoots him down the guy is in the dumps thinking no woman will ever like me or find me attractive Overgeneralizing his one interaction with one girl to every girl he will ever meet Mental filter Disqualifying the positive Focuses only on the bad things even though you won the lottery someone cut you off in traffic and that made you very mad Difference between this and mental filter is that a professor writes on a paper good job the student wants to know why he didn t get a great job or awesome work you are disqualifying positive things that happened to you Magnification Same guy asks a girl out and she says no he thinks his life is over there s no Study Guide 3 Page 2 Same guy asks a girl out and she says no he thinks his life is over there s no surprise that no one wants to date him Jumping to conclusions Shoulding A person doesn t smile at you that day and you think that they are mad at you without having any evidence Also called must erbation I have to or should do this and if a person doesn t complete that task they are really hard on themselves and down in the dumps According to the founder of RET Albert Ellis rational beliefs increase positive feelings and minimize pain and irrational beliefs decrease happiness and increase pain In all these instances you are increasing your pain you are more likely to be unhappy and put you into a negative mind When you can rationalize through things and think about things that bring out some type of positive aspect those are going to be the things that would increase positive emotions because you have more of a rational outlook Techniques of Rational Emotive Therapy Some effective techniques used to minimize irrational thinking include Role playing Symbolic rehearsal you go over something in your mind before doing it in your mind Modeling Bibliotherapy Observational learning piece Behavior therapy techniques Reading
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