Abigail Lewis August 29th 2014 Depression and Model of Causality What is the cause of the person can answer with the following 5 cat egories Model of Causality psychologists ask and try to answer what is the cause of the person 5 Basic Answers Pysiopersonal persons caused by body Intrapersonal processes within person mind Interpersonal significant others closer relationships Metapersonal culture history Nonpersonal physical environment Can use to say something about this course Can say something about any particular behavior social sciences or psychological state person What is the cause of a depressed Things are never simple Physiopersonal psychiatrist abnormal brain chemistry EX Prozac low levels of serotonin activity serotonin chemical mes sage in the nervous system Intrapersonal Aaron T Beck Beck develops theory that you should change their thinking depression caused by pessimistic ex planatory style cognitive triad Self if you re depressed you re the villain in your life story not hero World the world is a terrible place Future there is no future Interpersonal interpersonal loss people become depressed when they lose certain pleasure in life such as relationships Important at 2 points it triggers depression It makes the depression worse Metapersonal communal cooperative competitive individualistic cultures Communal Cooperative already in relationships but limited to these relationships Competitive Individualistic can go as far as you want but if things get bad there s not that safety net of people Depres sion is more likely in competitive individualistic cultures Sincere religious devotion usually predicts less depression Depression is caused by a lack of meaning in life Nonpersonal poor diet can cause depression Seasonal affective disorder Low sunlight can cause depression as well Abigail Lewis August 29th 2014 How can the model of causality developed in the lectures be useful to you as you read the book Now I know everything we will study will fall under one of these cause ideas so therefore I can easily categorize the information under one of the five in other words what degree does a psychiatrist How What physiopersonal variables may be involved in causing depression What is a psychi how does the education of a psychiatrist differ from the education of a psy atrist and chotherapist or clinical psychologist have that the psychotherapist does not How does prozac affect brain chemistry do brain cells communicate with each other What is serotonin abnormal brain chemistry low levels or serotonin a psychiatrist is one who focuses mainly on the physiopersonal variables and usually prescribes medication to help with things such as depression Brain cells communicate through an electrical signal A psychiatrist has a degree in medicine a clinical psychologist has a doctoral level de gree in psychology Prozac helps balance low levels of serotonin activity serotonin helps relay chemical messages in the brain What intrapersonal variables may be involved in causing depression Who explained de pression in terms of a cognitive triad What are the specific elements of this cognitive triad What kind of explanatory style is associated with this cognitive triad intra within problems of self confidence being the villain in your story Aaron T Beck explained depression in terms of a cognitive triad Self World and Fu ture Depression makes self seem like you re the enemy the World seems an awful place and there is no future he developed the theory that one should change his her thinking about these three things What interpersonal variables may be involved in causing depression How might inter personal factors serve as a trigger of depression How might interpersonal factors make it worse after it has been triggered interpersonal loss can be triggered when they lose certain pleasures such as a relation ship and it becomes worse when already depressed if there is more relationship loss What metapersonal variables may be involved in depression Compare and contrast co operative collectivistic and competitive individualistic cultures Which form or social life might be associated with a greater vulnerability to depression What is the relationship between sincere religious belief and depression How might the influence of religion on depression be explained in broader rather than strictly religious terms Abigail Lewis August 29th 2014 depression is more likely in competitive individualistic cultures and sincere religious devotion can lessen the risk of depression because depression can be caused by a lack of meaning in life What nonpersonal variables might affect depression At a molecular level what pro cesses might be relevant At a more global level what factors might be involved What is Seasonal Affective Disorder poor diet and seasonal affective disorder can cause depression in a person moelcular what you eat can help determine if you will be depressed global level factors such as where you live in northern parts of the world mostly Seasonal Affective Disorder SAD low sunlight levels darkness more often can cause depression Social Sciences and Model of Causality We can use the model of causality to say something about the social sci ences Social Sciences disciplines that attempt to explain the causes of persons through the scientific method Social Scientists disagree sometimes profoundly different values empha size different variables all about persons causes and the scientific method Disagree because of values define person differently causality things are complex Different sciences tend to emphasize different causes Physiopersonal Pyschiatry have Md medical treatment focus on physi cal Intrapersonal Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud Attempt to understand the mind the analysis of the psyche the mind Focuses on mental pro cesses Interpersonal 2 specializations are examples behavioral psychology social psychology Metapersonal Anthropology study of culture history Sociology broad groups of people Political Science governments legal systems cause persons Economics money causes persons Nonpersonal no social science that focuses exclusively on this molecu lar level Nutrition what you eat affects how you act Geography people are products of their environment Social Scientists hope that the scientific method will help solve all disagree ments between scientists won t happen because you can t solve this prob lem with the scientific method What are the social sciences disciplines that attempt to explain the causes