Abigail Lewis September 10th 2014 If it s not an experiment you cannot conclude cause effect Practical Limitations not able to Ethical the co relationship between variables do they go to Other Research Methods Scientists prefer to use experiments because they can establish cause effect but they cannot always perform experiments be cause Limitations of Experiment Limitations There are 2 types of research The experiment everything else Correlation gether could go into real world and ask people rich poor and hap piness Can graph correlational evidence can get a picture of what hap pens 3 possible results on scatter plot best fitting line can compute correlation coefficient number that expresses the direction and magnitude of relationship between variables 1 0 1 0 Positive Correlation Direct Relationship up to 1 0 Negative Correlation Inverse Relationship down to 1 0 No Correlation No Relationship coefficient of 0 Directionality Problem with correlated variable it s not always clear which is the cause and which is the effect unless you can logically demonstrate that one comes before the other al ways Third Variable Problem a third variable can codetermine the two variables of interest and produces the correlation could be no correlation at all EX of churches and of bars population is the third variable EX of ice cream and of rapes warm weather Basic Law Never Infer Causation Based on Correlation Questions Which research procedure would a psychologist prefer to use and why An experiment because they can conclude cause and effect relationships What two limitations can prevent psychologists from conducting experiments when they would like to use this procedure Ethical Practicality In terms of how they are interpreted what two basic types of research procedures are available to psychologists Abigail Lewis September 10th 2014 ones they can draw cause and effect conclusions from and those that they can not Correlation What is a correlation the co relationship between variables do they go together What three basic outcomes can be obtained in a correlational study Positive Correlation Direct Relationship Negative Correlation Inverse Relationship No Correlation No Relationship What is a scatter plot What is a best fitting line What is a correlation coefficient a scatter plot is the graph that a correlation is graphed on best fitting line is the line that best fits the graph correlation coefficient the number between 1 0 and 1 0 that expresses the direction and magnitude of the relationship between variables What are the possible values of a correlation coefficient 1 0 to 0 to 1 0 Distance from zero tells you how strong the relationship further from zero is a stronger relationship Does a negative correlation mean the absence of a correlation NO It means there is a relationship just that they are moving in the opposite direction What do scientists assume about correlation and causation That you can never infer causation based on correlation What are the directionality and third variable problems How do they influence the con clusions that we can make based upon correlational and other non experimental forms of data Directionality problem not always sure which is the cause and which is the effect un less you can logically demonstrate that one always comes before the other Third Variable like a confounding variable there could be a completely different vari able that is effecting the relationship and produces the correlation this means that we can never determine cause and effect relationships for his and other non experimental forms of data Other Research Methods Scientists prefer to use experiments because they can establish cause effect but they cannot always perform experiments be cause Limitations of Experiment Practical Limitations not able to Ethical Limitations If it s not an experiment you cannot conclude cause effect There are 2 types of research The experiment everything else Correlation the co relationship between variables do they go to gether could go into real world and ask people rich poor and hap piness Can graph correlational evidence can get a picture of what hap pens Abigail Lewis September 10th 2014 Basic Law Never Infer Causation Based on Correlation 3 possible results on scatter plot best fitting line can compute correlation coefficient number that expresses the direction and magnitude of relationship between variables 1 0 1 0 Positive Correlation Direct Relationship up to 1 0 Negative Correlation Inverse Relationship down to 1 0 No Correlation No Relationship coefficient of 0 Directionality Problem with correlated variable it s not always clear which is the cause and which is the effect unless you can logically demonstrate that one comes before the other al ways Third Variable Problem a third variable can codetermine the two variables of interest and produces the correlation could be no correlation at all EX of churches and of bars population is the third variable EX of ice cream and of rapes warm weather Questions Which research procedure would a psychologist prefer to use and why An experiment because they can conclude cause and effect relationships What two limitations can prevent psychologists from conducting experiments when they would like to use this procedure Ethical Practicality In terms of how they are interpreted what two basic types of research procedures are available to psychologists ones they can draw cause and effect conclusions from and those that they can not Correlation What is a correlation the co relationship between variables do they go together What three basic outcomes can be obtained in a correlational study Positive Correlation Direct Relationship Negative Correlation Inverse Relationship No Correlation No Relationship What is a scatter plot What is a best fitting line What is a correlation coefficient a scatter plot is the graph that a correlation is graphed on best fitting line is the line that best fits the graph correlation coefficient the number between 1 0 and 1 0 that expresses the direction and magnitude of the relationship between variables Abigail Lewis September 10th 2014 What are the possible values of a correlation coefficient 1 0 to 0 to 1 0 Distance from zero tells you how strong the relationship further from zero is a stronger relationship Does a negative correlation mean the absence of a correlation NO It means there is a relationship just that they are moving in the opposite direction What do scientists assume about correlation