AMH 2010 Mid Term Study Guide 1 What was the Native American site Cahokia Why is it significant pages 18 22 Cahokia Major Mississippian site ceremonial mounds and ritual practices Ritual practices derived from Mexican cultural expressions that were brought north by traders and migrants Skilled farmers supported the large population with corn Cahokian culture died down by A D 1500 Significance mound building culture 2 Who supplied Columbus with the funds for his exploration Why were they willing to do this page 35 Spanish monarchs Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand The monarchs thought the trip was an inexpensive gamble the potential loss was small but the potential gain was huge 3 Who led the conquest of the Mexican Empire How was this achieved pages 39 41 Hern n Cort s 1519 The governor of Cuba authorized Cort s to organize an expedition with 11 ships and about 600 men Malinali or Marina was Cort s interpreter and a cultural broker because he did not the language Cort s befriended the people of Mexica and then killed them with better military technology iron and steel He also took advantage of the fact that there were political tensions the empire s weakness between the Mexica and the people they ruled thousands of Indians was on Cortes side Additionally the Mexica also died from viruses like smallpox 4 Which European power dominated the New World in the 1500s Chapter 2 The Spanish dominated the New World in the 1500s Hern n Cort s dominance served as a model for future colonization and made Spain the most powerful nation 5 Who was Bartolom de Las Casas and why is he important pages 44 45 A friar outspoken missionary who was horrified about the mistreatment of the American Indians He and other missionaries managed to win sympathy for the Indians from the Spanish 6 By about how much had the population of Native Americans in New Spain decreased as a result of newly introduced European diseases by 1570 About 90 7 Which nation controlled Florida during most of the colonial period What is the oldest continually occupied European city in the U S And when was it established page 42 43 Spaniards was known as Spanish Florida St Augustine FL establishment 1565 8 What financing arrangements organizations were used to help found English colonies like Virginia pages 56 57 The Virginia Company joint stock company organized by London investors in 1606 that received a land grant from King James I in order to establish English colonies in North America Investors hoped to enrich themselves and strengthen England economically and politically 9 Which was the most profitable part of the British New World Empire in the 1600s page 73 74 In the Caribbean specifically Barbados the production of sugar gave England wealth 10 Why did British colonists in North America choose African slave labor over white servant labor in the south and Chesapeake regions How was slave labor introduced in the British American colonies pages 73 78 Slaves were never free Slaves lived longer due to a declined mortality rate Were a perpetual labor force Could be controlled politically slavery kept discontented laborers in permanent servitude and their color was a badge of their bondage Slavery reduced the tensions between poor people and grandees Introduction of slave labor Slaves replaced the Indians 11 What was the Mayflower Compact and why was it drafted page 86 Protestants groups Pilgrims also known as Separatists boarded the Mayflower and wrote the Compact on the day they arrived pledged to covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick for our better ordering and preservation They settled at Plymouth and William Bradford was the governor 12 What were the Navigation Acts of 1650 1651 1660 and 1663 What restrictions did they put on colonial shipping page 70 1650 1651 specified that colonial goods had to be transported in English ships with predominantly English crews 1660 required colonial products to be sent only to English ports 1663 all goods must be sent to the colonies and pass through English ports and be carried on English ships manned by English sailors Restrictions colonial goods should be shipped through English ports on English ships with English sailors to benefit English merchants shippers and seamen 13 What were some of the primary occupations for colonists in New England during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries Farming 14 What prompted Scotch Irish immigrants to come to the New World in the eighteenth century Page 119 Horrible economic situations in northern Ireland Scotland and England rising rent high food prices crop failures droughts poverty the tyranny of landlords wanted to do better in America page 119 15 What were redemptioners and indentured servants How did they differ from each other Redemptioners a kind of indentured servant a captain agreed to provide passage to Philadelphia where redemptioners would obtain money to pay for their transportation usually be selling themselves as a servant Differences redemptioners did 4 years of labor and negotiated with their purchases about their period of servitude indentured served 5 7 years labored for transportation from England and food and shelter 16 What were the primary crops grown in the southern North American colonies What was considered the upper south and how did it differ from the lower south Pages 123 124 Lower South rice indigo Upper South tobacco retained a white majority 17 Where were most African slaves taken in the New World page 124 West Indies and Brazil 18 What was the immigration policy set by the British government in the North American colonies Who was permitted to enter pages 98 101 The immigration policy was a policy of religious tolerance 19 What were some of the results of the Treaty of Paris 1763 after the Seven Years War How did the treaty impact the British Spanish and Native Americans page 146 148 Native Americans Pontiac s Rebellion The Proclamation of 1763 separated the Indians and settlers with restrictions on trade and land sales land rights were violated or ignored Spanish received Louisiana Territory and the port of New Orleans because they assisted Britain Cuba was returned to Spain British received Quebec Canada and the eastern half of North America national debt 20 What was distinctive about the Stamp Act Why did it cause such resentment pages 151 155 The Americans thought that their liberty and property were challenged No taxation without representation Public demonstrations by the Sons of