Chapter 14 Public Speaking The Informative Speech Introduction Purposes of speaking publicly o 1600 years ago St Augustine Teach please and to move o Later centuries To enlighten the understanding to please the imagination to move the passions and to influence the will o Further in evolution of speech theory To inform to entertain to stimulate through emotion and to convince through reasoning o Present To inform and to persuade Some add to entertain as a classification Informing and persuading can sometimes be combined in a single speech o Speaker aims to both share new information and influence attitudes We can accept that all communication contains elements of persuasion Can tell difference by the structure and the appeals used in persuasive format Informative Speaking Informative speaking discourse talk conversation that imparts new information secures understanding or reinforces accumulated information Common in business educational governmental community and cultural Need to do an audience analysis o Need to learn knowledge of audience to know if they can gain information definitions understanding analogies examples etc Need to keep the purpose a focus and need a clear statement of central idea o To inform on and how it was developed and how this technique Informs on maneuver and the value it will provide o I want people to know what is and what the steps are to do this Informs on maneuver and what the steps are to do it Classifications of Informative Speaking Types of arrangements o Chronological by time earliest to latest o Compare contrast similarities differences o Spatial northern to southern by where they re located o Topical to inform about three theories that explain choices Informative presentations speeches o Objects Describe a particular thing in detail Object can be a person place animal structure machine etc First object is identified and then details are discussed Use chronological compare contrast Informative speeches o Informative briefings o Processes o Events o Concepts Instruct the audience about how something works is made or is done so that they can apply the skills learned Use chronological step by step process Inform the audience about something has already happened is happening or will happen Use chronological compare contrast or spatial Examine theories beliefs ideas philosophies and thoughts Explanation investigations of theories movements concepts Use topical compare contrast Present information to a specialized audience followed by the exchange of data ideas and questions among everyone Preparation for this require careful audience analysis o Team briefings Report back on findings and recommendations Generally have multiple speakers one facilitator o One on one briefings Generally given to a person or small group of people Climate is usually informal but follows the basic rules Table Top Briefing because it usually happens at tables o Technical reports Statement describing a process explaining a technique or discussing new elements to people interested in the topic Information is often scientific or dependent on knowledge o Presentations of professional papers Speech where presenter briefs audience on findings Some present word for word speak separately from it Poster session prepare visual aids that highlight data o Lectures Most familiar type of informative briefing Presentation of material to facilitate learning Humor and timing are keys to success o Question and answer sessions o Speeches of introduction Measures speakers knowledge alert a speaker in unclear areas and give listeners a chance to probe for ideas Most difficult part is to get the first question asked Identify the person who will be speaking to the audience and give any other information that may spark interest about them Mention name accomplishments credibility highlights Informative process in action statement of central idea opening material to grasp attention topic preview first topic discussion transition second issue discussion transition third issue discussion reiteration theme restate
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