OIM EXAM 3 STUDYGUIDE 1 What is Software Ch 9 Layered Model USER USER APPLICATION Microsoft Officer Oracle and Angry Birds OPERATING SYSTEM Microsoft Windows Linux iOS HARDWARE HARDWARE The relation of the layers has managerial implications flexibility in meeting demand costs legal issues and security Firmware Embedded Systems Firmware software stored on non volatile memory chips as opposed to devices such as hard drives or removable disks can be upgraded despite its seemingly permanent nature Embedded Systems Special purpose software designed and included inside physical products makes devices smarter more efficient more reliable more functional and can enable new businesses Client Server Model The World Wide Web is a client server system The client server model refers to two pieces of software Client software program that makes a request of a server system ex Internet explorer Chrome Firefox When you type out a location field in the browser you re telling the client to go find the web server software at the provided address Server receives and attempts to fulfill the request When you type out a location field in the browser you request the client to tell the server to return the requested website Types of Information Systems Database BI CRM SCM ERP Provide Examples DBMS Database Management Systems software for creating maintaining and manipulating data BI Business Intelligence Systems use data created by other systems to provide reporting and analysis for organization s decision making CRM Customer Relationship Management Systems systems used to support customer related sales and marketing activities SCM Supply Chain Management Systems systems that can help a firm manage aspects of its value chain ERP Enterprise Resource Planning software a software package that incorporates the many components of business accounting finance inventory management human resources etc leading sellers are SAP and Oracle Why do IT projects fail Technical process and managerial decisions Unrealistic or unclear project goals Poor project leadership Inaccurate estimates of needed resources badly defined system requirements Poor reporting Poor communication among customers developers and users Unmanaged risks Poor project management Stakeholder politics Commercial pressures 2 Software in a Flux Ch 10 Virtualization Vitualization single computer behaves like many separate machines each running on its own operating system and software consolidates resources making computing more efficient cheap and scalable underpins most cloud computing efforts Cloud Computing Utility Computing Cloud computing frees firms from the burden of buying managing and maintaining physical computing that programs need It replaces computing resources with services provided by the internet Utility computing is less broad and has a business model focus Pay on a usage basis Includes PaaS and IaaS comes in handy when firm has software but wants to pay someone to run it Type of Cloud Computing SaaS consume 3rd party software replacing service that is delivered online ex Microsoft Office 2013 Google Apps PaaS build delivers tools aka platforms so an organization can develop test and deploy software in the cloud ex Salesforce com IaaS host offers an organization an alternative to buying its own physical hardware Computing storage and networking resources are instead allocated and made available pver the interenet and paid for on the amount of resources used ex Amazon Web Services Server Farms Scalability A server farm is a massive number of computer servers running software to coordinate their collective use Server farms provide the infrastructure and backbone to SaaS and hardware cloud efforts as well as many large scale internet services They require cheap land low cost power ultrafast fiber optic connections and mild climates Scalability is the ability of a system network or process to handle a growing amount of work in a capable manner or its ability to be enlarged to accommodate growth TOC Open Source Open Source Software is software that is free that potentially anyone could modify the code Linux is OSS operating system as is everywhere and is the flagship OSS product EX Firefox OpenOffice Gimp Zimbra LAMP Linux Apache web server software MySQL PHP powers many websites Why choose OSS Cost reliability security scalability agility and time to market Vendors make money on OSS via support and consulting SLAs service level agreements A service level agreement is a negotiated agreement between the customer and the vendor The SLA may specify the levels of availability serviceability performance operation or other commitment requirements Vendors sign SLAs with their customers to ensure a guaranteed uptime and define their ability to meet demand spikes Make or Buy Decision Factors to consider include Competitive advantage security legal and compliance skills expertise and available labor cost time vendor issues These should be evaluated over the lifetime of a project not as a single point in time If a company relies on unique processes procedures or technologies that create vital differentiating competitive advantages the functions probably aren t a goof candidate to outsource 3 The Data Asset Ch 11 Slides What is Data Data is raw facts and figures that must be turned into information to be useful Databases are created maintained and manipulated using programs called database management systems Big data is a general term used to describe the massive amount of data available to today s managers It is often too unstructured and big and costly to easily work through use of conventional databases but new tools make these massive databases available for analysis and insight Data is a defensible source of competitive advantage Types of Database configurations e g Warehouses Marts etc A data warehouse is a set of databases designed to support decision making of an organization A data mart is a data base or data bases focuses on addressing the concerns of a specific problems ex increasing customer retention improving product quality or business unit ex engineering marketing etc Both very expensive and complex and take years to build Issues that need to be addressed in order to design develop deploy and maintain the system data relevance data sourcing data quantity data quality data hosting and data governance Database terminology names for row tables fields etc Several data fields make up a table multiple data records make up a table data file 1