OIM 210 Midterm Information (Chapter 1)  Management Information Systems (MIS) – Deals with planning for development, management, and use of information technology tools to help people perform all tasks relatedto information processing and management. Business Intelligence – Collective info that gives you the ability to make effective, important,and often strategic business decisions. Data (datum) – raw facts that describe a particular phenomenon (price, temperature, age). Information – Data that have a particular meaning within a specific context. Information quality components: Timeliness, Location, Form, Validity. Information Technology (IT)- Any computer-based tool that people use to work with information and support the information-processing needs of an organization. Hardware- Physical devices that make up a computer.o Input Device – Mouse, Keyboard Converts human readable material to byteso Output Device – Monitor, Speakers Converts bytes to human readable materialo Storage Device – Thumb drive, memory cardo Central processing unit (CPU) and random access memory (RAM) – Brainso Telecommunication Device – Modemo Connecting devices – via USB Software- Set of instructions that your hardware executes to carry out a specific task.o Application software – helps with specific tasks  Word – write papers Payroll Softwareo System Software – Coordinates interaction of all technology devices and hands tasks specific to technology management Operating systemso Utility Software – Provides additional functionality to operating software. Screensaver, anti-virus software, spam blocker- What is a disruptive technology? - Define Information systems (IS) and information technology (IT) and describe their relationship. - Why people are the most important organizational resource? - Define competitive advantage. Think about an example of how information technology creates this advantage. - Is a smartphone (like the iPhone) an IT devise? Why? Hardware and Software (Extended learning module A)  PDA – palm sized, web surfing and simple tasks, touch screen, $100-$500 Tablet PC – Mini laptop Notebook Computer – Fully functional computer Desktop Computer – Minicomputers – Small company Mainframe – Medium, several hundred Supercomputer – best of the best, NASA Vertical Market Software – unique to industry Horizontal Market Software – General, used by many different industries Open-Source Software - Source code is publically available and free Binary digit (bit) – smallest unit of information that your computer can process.o 1 = ono 0 = off ASCII Byte – A group of eight bits that represent one natural language character. Pixelso More pixels, better resolutiono Smaller Dot pitch, better quality Memoryo Megabyte ( MB) = Million byteso Gigabyte (GB) = Billion byteso Terabyte (TB) = Trillion bytes CPUo Gigahertz – Number of billions of CPU cycles per second that the CPU can handle. More cycles, faster processingo CPU cycle – Retrieve an instruction Decode the instructions Execute Store results in RAM- Describe categories of computers based on size. - Know the differences: personal productivity, vertical market, and horizontal market software. - What is an operating system? What are utilities? - What are the six major categories of hardware? - Is a tablet screen input or output device? - How is data transferred between all components inside a computer? - Know the units we use to measure size of memory or storage. - What changes improve computer's performance? What will not improve performance? - What is Open Source? - Client Server vs. Web applications. Know the pros and cons of each architecture. Business Applications and Business Intelligence (Chapter 2)  Supply Chain Management (SCM) – Tracks inventory and information among business processes o Overall cost leadershipo Below the line initiative (cost reduction)o Running the organization Information Partnership – two or more companies cooperating by integrating their IT systems, thereby providing customers with the best of what each can offer. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system – Uses information about customers to gain insights into their needs, wants, and behaviors in order to serve them better. o Sales force automationo Customer service and supporto Marketing campaign management and analysis Focus of CRMo Differentiation and focuso Above the line initiative (revenue enhancement)o Growing the organization- Define supply chain management (SCM). Does it cross the boundaries of one company? Why? - Demand forecast supply chain. - Know the bullwhip effect. - Define customer relationship management (CRM). Know the customer life cycle. - What is ERP? (Not covered in class) Porter (pg16) Buyer Powero High when buyer has a lot of choices Supplier Powero High when buyer has less choices Threat of substitute products or serviceso High when there are many alternatives to a service or product. Threat of new entrantso High when it is easy to enter market Rivalry among existing competitorso High when competition is fierce in a market Competitive Advantage – Providing a product or service in a way that customers value more than what the competition is able to do.Databases (Chapter 3)  Online transaction processing (OLTP) – The gathering of input information, processing that information, and updating existing information to reflect the gathered and processed information.o Database that support OLTP are operational databases. Online analytical processing (OLAP) – The manipulation of information to support decision making. Data warehouse – Special form of database that contains information gathered from operational databases for the purpose of supporting decision making tasks. Database – a collection of information that you organize and access according to a logical structure of that information.  Relational database – Uses a series of logically related two dimensional tables or files to storeinformation in the form of a database.o Two Partso The distinct information itself, stored in a series of two dimensional tables, files, or relationso The logical structure of that information, or a data dictionary. Primary Key – A field or groups of fields that uniquely describes each record. Foreign Key – A primary key of one file that