OIM 210 Study Guide – Final Exam New to Final Exam Internet and web (Extended Learning Module B) - The Internet and the web. o INTERNET = INFASRTUCTURE- Internet came first- Vast network of computers that connects millions of people all over the world.- Infrastructure that makes the web possible.o WEB = CONTENT- Multimedia-based collection of information, services, and sites supported by the internet- Interface you see and work with.- The basics of Internet technology: Packets, IP addresses, routing. DHCP Etc. o Packets – An alternative to connection.- Every packet includes source and destination (from and to)- Time Stamp and other info- Data broken into manageable fragments (Datagram)- Each fragment gets a digital envelope (also called header)- Packet is given to the internet for delivery.- Data is re-assembled at destination.- IP addresses - Internet Protocol address – numerical label assigned to each device in a computer network- 2 functions : host or network interface identification and location addressing- Routing - The process of moving a packet of data from source to destination. - Router - a device that forwards data packets between computer networks, creatingan overlay internetwork.- Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) – A system that assigns temporary IP addresses to computers- Web site, web page, URL. -Web site – specific location on the Web- Web page – specific portion of web site that deals with a certain topic- Uniform resource locator (URL) – an address for a specific web page or document within a web site- Domains, sub-domains and DNS. Upper or Top level domains. - Domain – identifies specific computer on the web and the main page of the entire site.- Sub-domain – i.e google.com  maps.google.com-Top-level domain – i.e .com, .org, .edu- DNS = Domain name system – A directory that matches domain names and IP addresses.- Web software. - Internet browserDecision Support and Artificial Intelligence (Chapter 4) Intelligence (Find what to fix)  Design (Find fixes)  Choice (Pick a fix)  Implementation (Apply the fix)- What are DSS and AI. Know the differences. - DSS = Decision support system – A highly flexible and interactive IT system that is designed to support decision making when the problem is not structured.- Increases productivity, understanding, speed, flexibility, reduces cost, and problem complexity.- 3 componentso Model managemento data management o user interface management- Analytics is a type of DSS- AI = Artificial Intelligence- the science of making machines imitate human thinking and behavior.o Difference – Need some knowledge of process and DSS helps, no knowledge needed with AI.- Use of DSS in GIS. -GIS = geographic information system – a DSS designed specifically to analyze spatial info, any info that can be shown in map form.-- Types of AI systems and how they are used. 1. Expert System – Knowledge-based system that applies reasoning capabilities to reach a conclusion.-Excellent for diagnostic (What’s wrong) and prescriptive problems (What to do)- Can handle massive amounts of info, reduces errors, aggregate information, improve customer service, provide consistency in decision making, provide new info, reduce costs.-Can only solve problem designed for, can’t adjust to new problem, no common sense.2. Neural network (Fuzzy logic) – Capable of finding and differentiating patterns.- i.e speech recognition and visual pattern systems, bomb detection- Can Learn and adjust to new circumstances on their own, function without complete info, work with huge amounts of info and dependent variables, analyze nonlinear relationships in information.- Problem: Can’t say hidden layers, or how the network is learning.- Fuzzy logic – mathematic method of handling imprecise or subjective information.3. Genetic algorithm – system that mimics the evolutionary, survival of the fittest process to generate increasingly better solutions to a problem.-Optimizing system – finds combination of inputs that give best outputs- Best when there are thousands or millions of solutions- Three concepts of evolution1. Selection- survival of the fittest2. Crossover- using the good parts of outcomes together 3. Mutation- randomly trying combos4. Intelligent agents- software that assists you, or acts on your behalf, in performing repetitive computer related tasks.Microsoft Word paper clip guy- 4 types1. Information agents -search for info and bring it back, shopping bot2. Monitoring and surveillance agents-observe and report on some entity of interest- i.e manufacturing floor system checks for equipment problems- watch competitor and report back prices3. Data-mining agents- discovers info in data warehouse, uncovers trends4. Use or personal agents- act on your behalf- i.e check your email and look for important emails, fill out web formse-Commerce (Chapter 5) B2C Business to Consumer- How does it work (on line payment)?- Credit card info goes from storeclearing house  financial center  clearing house  store- Select, payment, clear, approve, confirm, order, fulfillment, delivery- Payment methods, which one is the most popular? - Credit card- Special types of on line stores.- Used cars, pharmacists, and real estate - What you see is what you get- What is not selling well? - Perishable, very expensive stuff, customizable - What is drop ship? - No physical connection between product and buyer, so all is needed is picture of buyer.- Never touch inventory- New industries to support ecommerce. - Web catalogues, web hosting, software, interactive customer service.- Advertising, affiliation, and viral marketing. -Advertising- CPM, banners, ads- Affiliation – Business work together, send traffic to each other- Viral marketing – content, service, current user gets new customers for you- New technologies (flash, cookies, SSL…) what is XML? - Flash – animation software, can watch videos, see products better- Cookies – small text files, instructions to web page, formatting for individual user- SSL – secure socket layer-XML – add meaning to content B2B Business to Business- Why is it different from B2C? - Customers are other businesses - Businesses form relationships that last for years- Vertical and horizontal market places. - Horizontal – connects buyers and sellers across many industries, primarily for MRO materials- Vertical – connects buyers and sellers in a given industry, primarily for direct