1 Make sure to do practice questions BUSMHR 3200 Exam 1 Study Guide I Introduction Course Overview Introductory Lecture A Key Concepts 1 Disciplines contributing to Organizational Behavior 2 Three basic levels within the organization Individual a b Group c Organizational a Insensitivity to others b Poor working relations c d Authoritarianism e Inability to change and adapt Inability to build or lead a team B Terms II Strategy and Strategic Organizational Behavior K F chapter 1 A Key Concepts 1 Human Relations movement a Diverse array including psychology management sociology organization theory social psychology statistics anthropology general systems theory economics information technology political science vocational counseling human stress management psychometrics ergonomics decision theory and ethics 3 4 Context of strategy context is what is the organizations overall strategy What are they trying to do accomplish Derailers top things that cause one to fail 1 Organization a consciously coordinated social unit composed of 2 or more people and functions on a continuous basis to achieve a common goal which is characterized by formal roles that define the behavior of its members a Management looking for other ways to manage the workforce 1 Union Management collective bargaining legalized in 1935 led management to begin looking for new ways to effectively deal with employees i Before that employees were viewed and treated as inputs into the production process 2 Increasing numbers of studies writings from behavioral scientists focusing on the human factor that people are not cogs in a machine i Hawthorne studies 1927 1932 manipulated a variety of workplace factors ex lighting temperature length of day and measured the effect on worker performance a Showed that data driven research can guide managerial actions b Results demonstrated that employee performance productivity improved when employees felt that management cared about them ii Mary Parker Follett 1920s female management consultant in a male dominated field she advised iii managers to motivate job performance instead of merely demanding it pull rather than push strategy Elton Mayo The Human Problems of an Industrial Civilization 1933 advised managers to attend to employee s emotional needs iv McGregor s The Human Side of the Enterprise 1960 book is still an important philosophical base for the modern view of people at work contains two contrasting sets of assumptions about human nature a Theory X outdated pessimistic negative and typical of how managers traditionally perceived employees Included having to micromanage employees and idea that people were inherently bad 1 People dislike work and avoid it whenever possible 2 People need to be coerced to work 3 People require close supervision at all times 4 Most people prefer to be directed have little ambition and avoid responsibility b Theory Y a modern and positive set of assumptions about people at work The belief that managers could accomplish more through others by viewing them as self energized committed responsible and creative beings 1 Work is seen as a natural activity like play or rest 2 Given objectives people can be very self directed 3 People become committed to objectives with some reward 4 Most people are ambitions and can accept and seek out responsibility 5 Most people have imagination ingenuity and creativity 2 Strategic management overview a Involves looking ahead 2 parts 1 Develop plan strategic planning strategy formulation i Use SWOT strengths weakness opportunities threats analysis to go from now to the future ii Vision compelling and timeless mission goals strategic plan a External analysis opportunities and threats and internal analysis strengths and weaknesses also go into creating the plan 2 Implement plan strategy implementation i Galbraith s Star Model focuses on 5 critical elements of organization functioning all elements must be aligned in order for organization to succeed 2 a Strategy b Structure c Systems and processes d Metrics and rewards e People b Critical to an organization s success c Addresses the competitive challenges faced by the organization d A plan for integrating goals tactics policies and actions into a meaningful whole e Corporate social responsibility and ethics continue to play an ever increasing role in strategic planning 3 Linking strategy and human resource management a Strategic plan human capital needs skills behavior and culture human capital practices ex recruiting training development benefits etc both human capital capability skills ability knowledge and human capital actions behaviors results both firm performance productivity quality profitability and back to strategic plan 4 Strategic issues related to human resource management e g mergers acquisitions offshoring etc a Mergers and acquisitions 1 Cultural fit 2 Leadership team b Offshoring sending processes to different countries c Downsizing rightsizing positive term for downsizing d Business process outsourcing BPO sending processes to different companies e Changing purpose of corporate social responsibility B Terms 1 2 Contingency Approach calls for using management concepts and techniques in a situationally appropriate manner instead of trying to rely on one best way Encourages managers to view OB within a situational context evolving situations not hard and fast rules determine when and where various management techniques are appropriate Corporate Social Responsibility CSR means that corporations have obligations to others beyond shareholders and the bounds of law or contract challenges businesses to go above and beyond just making a profit to serve the interests and needs of stakeholders a Can be integrated into an organization s strategic plan by 1 Making a profit consistent with expectations for international businesses to fulfill economic responsibility 2 Obeying both host country and international law 3 Acting ethically by considering both host country and global standards 4 Being good corporate citizens and fulfilling the host country s expectations for philanthropic responsibility E Business using information communication technologies to facilitate every aspect of running a business Ethics involves the study of moral issues and choices good versus bad and the many shades of grey 3 4 5 Human Capital the productive potential of an individual s knowledge and actions views people as an advantage a Organizations use their resources and competencies human
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