SYO 3100 Summer 2014 Dr Tillman SYO 3100 3 rd Exam Study Guide The following are topics from the readings and class lectures that may be covered on the exam You should be able to find information on all of these topics by going over your class notes and the reading questions posted on Blackboard the following terms discuss and define Be able to Sociology the systematic study of human society and social interaction Sociological Perspective stresses the social contexts in which people live and examines how these contexts influence their lives At the center of the sociological perspective is the question of how people are influenced by their society Social Institution a social unit of importance to society that has established roles and rules and fulfills needed functions o Ex The family economy religion the political system the educational system etc Public Family composed of one adult or two adults who are related by marriage partnership or shared parenthood AND who is are taking care of dependents as well as the dependents themselves o This is about taking care of those who can t fend for themselves alone e g children elderly sick Private Family composed of two or more individuals who maintain an intimate relationship that they expect will last indefinitely or in the case of a parent and child until the child reaches adulthood AND who generally live in the same household and pool their incomes and or household labor o This is about sharing intimacy not necessarily sexual in nature and the tasks of o Any given collection of people could meet neither one or both public and living on a daily basis private families Arranged Marriage a type of marital union where the bride and groom are selected by a third party rather than by each other o Common worldwide until the 18th century Courtship a publicly visible process with rules and restrictions through which men and women find a marital partner o Until around 1900 Dating two people meet socially for companionship beyond the level of friendship or with the aim of each assessing the other s suitability as a partner in an intimate relationship or marriage Hooking Up a sexual encounter with no expectation of further involvement Cohabitation the sharing of a household by unmarried persons who have a sexual o 1900 relationship LAT Living Apart Together relationships maintain two separate residences define selves as a long term monogamous couple and do NOT intend to move in together in the foreseeable future Assortative Mating the pairing of individuals that have more traits in common than would likely be the case if mating were random Enforceable Trust valid trust a trust that conforms with all requirements Marriage as a Capstone Experience the symbolic importance of marriage has increased it has evolved from a marker of conformity to a marker of prestige o It is a status young couples build up to Era of Restricted Divorce the time of a restrictive approach toward divorce until about the middle of the nineteenth century divorces were usually granted only on the grounds of adultery or desertion and generally only to men Era of Divorce Tolerance the time of tolerant approach toward divorce from the middle of the nineteenth century until in the United States 1970 the grounds for divorce were widened and divorce was made more accessible to women Era of Unrestricted Divorce the time of a virtually unrestricted access to divorce 1970 to the present divorces are usually granted without restriction to any married person who wants one Annulment a ruling that a marriage was never properly formed No Fault Divorce the granting of a divorce simply on the basis of marriage breakdown due to irreconcilable differences Alimony a legal obligation on a person to provide financial support to his or her souse before or after marital separation or divorce Child Support court ordered payment typically made by a noncustodial divorced parent to support one s minor child or children Welfare State a capitalist government that has enacted numerous measures to protect workers and their families from the harshness of the capitalist system Family Wage Ideal a division of labor in which the husband earns enough money to support his family and his wife remains home to do housework and childcare Social Security Act of 1935 the federal act that created among other provisions Social Security unemployment compensation and aid to mothers with dependent children later renamed Aid to Families with Dependent Children Aid to Dependent Children ADC dispenses scant relief to poor single mothers by the Social Security Act of 1935 as part of the New Deal Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 PRWORA Temporary Assistance to Needy Families TANF is the temporary assistance for needy families and it is the only straight out cash assistance program for poor families Earned Income Tax Credit EITC a refundable tax credit to low income families with children in which at least one parent is employed Family and Medical Leave Act requires firms with 50 or more employees to allow new mothers up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave Intensive Mothering Parenting advises mothers to expand a tremendous amount of time energy and money in raising their children Understand and be able to explain discuss the following topics Changing patterns in union formation arranged marriages courtship dating hooking up When each pattern was common in the US how union formation changed over time in terms of power to choose mate power in forming relationship love sex etc explanations for change o Main Union Formation Processes o Arranged unions until around 1750 1800 in the West Who had the power to determine mate choice Who has the power within forming the relationship The parents elders The parents elders How much value is placed on romantic love How much sexual activity is actually occurring None None o Courtship until around the 1900 Who had the power to determine mate choice Who has the power within forming the relationship The parents elders The parents elders How much value is placed on romantic love How much sexual activity is actually occurring A little None o Dating 1900 Who had the power to determine mate choice Who has the power within forming the relationship The individuals The individuals How much value is placed on romantic love Substantial amount How much sexual activity is actually occurring Depends on the couple more than before o Hooking Up Present Who had the power to