Family Violence Abuse • one type may lead to another• may be a trigger for a different type of abuse Typology• cohabitation has more violence ◦ lower educated more likely to cohabit Spousal Abuse • wives more likely to kill in kitchen- her area and knives • death in the bedroom- usually a result of an argument • victims tend to be female due to differences in physical power • husbands and wives attack in the same frequency The Battered Wife Syndrome • victimization PROCESS • situation in which some type of problem (financial, unemployment, etc) causes a spouse to become violent (most likely husband) other spouse is taken by surprise and abuse occurs- next day honey moon phase “I am so sorry..blahblahblah” ◦ women experiences dilemma of wedding vows vs. reality ◦ abuse is reality, honey moon is only a phase • the process of this up down pattern b/w abuse and honey moon phase • “SOS”- same old shit • the victim has trouble making sense of what is going on ◦ living this life is very conflicting and traumatic ◦ Double Re-socialization: have to change socialization from being a wife to being a victim of a crime ◦ offender will cut all relationships of the victim with the outside world • likely people who are poorly educated • common belief- “I will do better”, “he can change”• person become isolated from outside ◦ no way to intervene, family, private matter• domestic case • only time when victim begin to do something is when they begin to see the kids are in danger/ at risk • or when family says we will take care of you/protect you- will no be alone ◦ authorities have to step in- press charges, restraining orders• has to realize no longer spouse, but a criminal • has to gain self-esteem again over time • Re-socialization from a victim to a person • can happen to men too◦ not many cases to study ◦ men are less likely to admit ◦ wives more likely to verbally abuse their husband • net work of support key factor to healing What does this syndrome tell you?• men still hold power in our society ◦ power granted to men by both genders• violence is never a sign of love• neutralization- becoming use to the up and down pattern, he's sorry, I deserved it ◦ reduces guilt• poverty is not cause, but it is a component • family is an important support network however many family members get very annoyed• community resources • long term care agencies ◦ lacking Catalysts for Change • traditional vs. nontraditional ◦ women do not want to stay in a relationship they are subordinated in • positive vs. negative self concept • adequate finances • support network Sexual Abuse • marital rape • incest◦ parental ◦ relative/ acquaintance • less than 5% of rapes are reported • majority of rapes occur b/w people who know each other Poverty and Family Violence – “Violence varies across social classes”• highest rates◦ low income ◦ unemployed husband ◦ less education ◦ above average number of children ◦ blue collar workers ◦ no religious affiliation ◦ under 30 years old Heredity? • Children who are abused are more likely to become abusers• research does not follow children however, abusers are only asked about their pasts • not all abused children become abusers- Oprah Is child abuse a symptom of poverty?Long Term Policy • contraceptive services Women with education tend to be initiator of divorce Separation: emotional VS. physical • both do not have to happen Legal Divorce: separation of assets • co-custody of children?Divorce likely to lead women to poverty (only 8% risk for men) Single Parenting:• difficult to fulfill all roles Divorce can cause conflict between spouses to escalade“The Sleeper Effect”• kosher research • ask divorced spouses if their parents were divorced • more likely to divorce if your parents were divorced Coercive Cycle (for parent)• if you do not do this I will let you not see the children, etc. -one-parent parenting: have to do everything -majority of those who divorce get remarried • however some people never have the chance to marry once due to povertyMulticultural Activity (Assessment 5)-anything goes in the family, not supported by research- however there are norm-American family represents diversity • however there I always a “preferred family form” with advantages in ideology -Family Norms: (opposites found on slide)• homogamy ◦ interracial ◦ opposite-sex marriage◦ DOMA: marriage is b/w man and woman • married couple ◦ (vs. cohabitation)• nuclear (requires marriage)• family households-Diversity vs. Preferred • awareness of differences + evaluation of differences = unequal treatment • children aware of differences• differences have different values • diversity can mean unequal treatment -Social Class • dire economic circumstances reduce one's chances of marriage regardless of race, ethnicity, and gender • more resources = more likely to marry ◦ makes you more attractive *stats slide: single = will never marry • different stats can be explained by looking at class-healthy fiances more chances to date and marry -women with financial stability are less likely to marry down -men are more likely to never marry • do not have means -lower levels of earnings and eduction increases chances to cohabitat for mn and women -higher earnings and education allows women to do less housework in marriage and cohabitation -whites marry more -asians more likely to marry than latinos and blacks -blacks are least likely to marry -the likelihood of blacks to marry is one and a half times the likelihood of whites • white singes are more likely that any other group to live alone -95% of marriage of people occur within the same race -2/3 of latinos marriages are intra-racial-black women are more likely to marry or cohabit with black males -white-black intermarriages are least frequent given group size -black women experiencing marriage crunch- limited number of potential AA male spouses -we have historically changed definition of white • always a majority by including more people -middle class educated black males are more likely to marry than those with less education and earnings -black males with lower education and income are more likely to cohabit -1 out of 5 interracial marriages involves a black• blacks least likely to interracial marriage -1 out of 3 latino spouse -only 4% of young
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