EXAM 3 Form B Answers are bolded 1 What do fungi and arthropods have in common a Both groups are commonly coenocytic b The haploid state is dominant in both groups c Both groups are predominantly heterotrophs that ingest their food d The protective coats of both groups are made of chitin e Both groups have cell walls 2 If all fungi in an environment that perform decomposition were to suddenly die then which group of organisms should benefit most due to the fact that their fungal competitors have been removed a plants b protists c prokaryotes d animals e mutualistic fungi 3 The adaptive advantage associated with the filamentous body form of fungal mycelia is primarily related to a the ability to parasitize other organisms b avoiding sexual reproduction until the environment changes c the potential to inhabit almost all terrestrial habitats d the increased probability of contact between different mating types e an extensive surface area well suited for invasive growth and absorptive nutrition 4 Which of the following describes the correct order of a generalized fungal life cycle a zygote plasmogamy meiosis karyogamy b karyogamy meiosis zygote plasmogamy c plasmogamy meiosis karyogamy zygote d meiosis karyogamy zygote plasmogamy e plasmogamy karyogamy zygote meiosis 5 Which of the following characteristics is shared by both chytrids and other kinds of fungi a presence of flagella b zoospores c autotrophic mode of nutrition d cell walls of cellulose e nucleotide sequences of several genes 6 A billionaire buys a sterile volcanic island that recently emerged from the sea To speed the arrival of conditions necessary for plant growth the billionaire might be advised to aerially sow what over the island a basidiospores b spores of ectomycorrhizae c soredia d yeasts e leaves as food for fungus farming ants 1 7 Which of the following statements is true of deuteromycetes a They are the second of five fungal phyla to have evolved b They represent the phylum in which all the fungal components of lichens are classified c They are the group of fungi that have at present no known sexual stage d They are the group that includes molds yeasts and lichens e They include the imperfect fungi that lack hyphae 8 Plasmogamy can directly result in which of the following 1 cells with a single haploid nucleus 2 heterokaryotic cells 3 dikaryotic cells 4 cells with two diploid nuclei a 1 or 2 b 1 or 3 c 2 or 3 d 2 or 4 e 3 or 4 9 Which of the following best describes the physical relationship of the partners involved in lichens a Fungal cells are enclosed within algal cells b Lichen cells are enclosed within fungal cells c Photosynthetic cells are surrounded by fungal hyphae d The fungi grow on rocks and trees and are covered by algae e Algal cells and fungal cells mix together without any apparent structure 10 Which of the following has the least affiliation with all of the others a Glomeromycota b mycorrhizae c lichens d arbuscules e mutualistic fungi 11 The last common ancestor of all animals was probably a a unicellular chytrid b unicellular yeast c multicellular algae d multicellular fungus e flagellated protist 12 In both lichens and mycorrhizae what does the fungal partner provide to its photosynthetic partner 2 a carbohydrates b fixed nitrogen c antibiotics d water and minerals e protection from harmful UV 13 Arrange the following from largest to smallest assuming that they all come from the same fungus 1 2 3 4 5 basidiocarp basidium basidiospore basidiomycete gill a 4 5 1 2 3 b 5 1 4 2 3 c 5 1 4 3 2 d 5 1 3 2 4 e 4 1 5 2 3 14 You have before you a living organism which you examine carefully Which of the following should convince you that the organism is acoelomate a It is triploblastic b It has bilateral symmetry c It possesses sensory structures at its anterior end d Muscular activity of its digestive system distorts the body wall e It shows evidence of cephalization 15 What do animals as diverse as jellyfish and monkeys have in common a body cavity between body wall and digestive system b number of embryonic tissue layers c type of body symmetry d presence of Hox genes e degree of cephalization 16 At which developmental stage should one be able to first distinguish a protostome embryo from a deuterostome embryo a fertilization b cleavage c gastrulation d coelom formation e metamorphosis 17 With the current molecular based phylogeny in mind rank the following from most inclusive to least inclusive 1 ecdysozoan 3 2 protostome 3 eumetazoan 4 triploblastic a 4 2 3 1 b 4 3 1 2 c 3 4 1 2 d 3 4 2 1 e 4 3 2 1 18 The blastopore denotes the presence of an endoderm lined cavity in the developing embryo a cavity that is known as the a archenteron b blastula c coelom d germ layer e blastocoel 19 What kind of data should probably have the greatest impact on animal taxonomy in the coming decades a fossil evidence b comparative morphology of living species c nucleotide sequences of homologous genes d similarities in metabolic pathways e the number and size of chromosomes within nuclei 20 An animal that spends most of its time drifting in the ocean meeting its environment equally from all sides would most likely be a asymmetric b bilaterally symmetric c radially symmetric d cephalized e sessile 21 In terms of food capture which sponge cell is most similar to the cnidocyte of a cnidarian a amoebocyte b choanocyte c epidermal cell d pore cell e sperm cell 22 The distinction between sponges and other animal phyla is based mainly on the absence versus the presence of a a body cavity b a complete digestive tract c a circulatory system 4 d true tissues e mesoderm 23 What is the probable sequence in which the following clades of animals originated from earliest to most recent 1 tetrapods 2 vertebrates 3 deuterostomes 4 amniotes 5 bilaterians a 5 3 2 4 1 b 5 3 2 1 4 c 5 3 4 2 1 d 3 5 4 2 1 e 3 5 2 1 4 24 Planarians lack dedicated respiratory and circulatory systems because a none of their cells are far removed from the gastrovascular cavity or from the external environment b they lack mesoderm as embryos and therefore lack the adult tissues derived from mesoderm c their ventral nerve cords can carry out respiratory and circulatory functions d their body cavity a pseudocoelom carries out these functions 25 Which characteristic s is are shared by both cnidarians and platyhelmenthes a dorsoventrally flattened bodies b true muscle c radial symmetry d a digestive system with a single opening e triploblastic body 26 A