FAD4265 Reading Guide 2 Textbook Reading Guide Chapters 8 9 10 11 12 pp 389 399 only Chapter 8 1 Over the generations the purpose of marriage has moved from an economic necessity to companionship to personal growth and individual fulfillment 2 Has the modern social order caused intimate relationships to be more or less intense Have intimate relationships become more or less fragile Modern social order has caused intimate relationships to be more intense and intimate relationships have become more fragile Individuals burden their relationships with too many expectations They demand too much of intimacy 3 How has the role of kin and community changed regarding support for couples as they try to build intimate relationships Macro level changes from the 19th century forward have reshaped courtship by moving mate selection from a kin and community orientation to one that emphasizes the individual With a changing economy the decline of rural America changing work patterns the lure of cities new opportunities far from home importance of education and the relative emancipation of women young people have begun to seek more independence from their parents 4 What is the difference between calling and dating Which gender was more in control in each What rules govern dating Calling is when a young woman would invite a young man to come calling at her home under her parents watchful eyes By the 1920s courting couples began to go out on dates without adult supervision The change from private sphere courting to public sphere dating was significant because its consequence was shifting the role of initiating relationships from women to men Rules governing dating were defined by peers rather than by adults Courting once a way to select a mate gave way to dating which was done for enjoyment Both courting and dating have taken on new meanings 5 What are the positive and negative outcomes of dating Of online dating Some teens that date frequently have higher levels of self esteem perceive themselves as more popular and have higher levels of autonomy than their peers Others have more conflict with parents more depression and lower academic motivation and achievement than other teens These associations depend on the characteristics and quality of the dating relationships Online dating Positives of online dating are that people can meet many more people and have a larger pool of interest and find a better match Negatives are that some women have put themselves in danger by revealing personal information online to male predators using the service with criminal intent 6 Principle of least interest The person with the least interest in continuing the relationship has the power to control it Since the high status person has less to lose by discontinuing the relationship she or he can make excessive demands on the lower status partner The high status male for example can demand more sexual favors from his low status partner 7 Assortative mating homogamy hypergamy hypogamy Assortative mating addresses the question of who individuals choose as mates Mate choice in the US is far from random instead clear patterns can be observed in demographic and individual factors among paired individuals Mate selection research finds positive assortative mating that is across the board in the same sex and different sex pairings people choose a mate with traits similar to their own Homogamy individuals tend to date and mate within their class race ethnicity religion and education level Hypergamy while most people marry within their social class the patriarchal structure of society has historically provided women with a powerful incentive to marry a man of higher status Hypergamy is women s principal avenue for upward mobility in societies that prescribe domesticity for women and limit their access to workplace communities Hypogamy marrying downward in social context i e a professional woman who finds a dearth of possible mates with similar professional standing may be willing to marry a man with a lower status 8 Despite an ideology that rests on personal choice the social structural influences in mate selection remain strong 9 Difference between sexual identity sexual orientation and sexual behavior Sexual identity refers to self classification Sexual orientation refers to sexual attraction and desire Sexual behavior people s sexual acts and activities People s sexual identity and sexual behavior may differ People may identify themselves as heterosexual and desire people of the same sex 10 What are four major findings of the NHSLS National Health and Social Life Survey 1 Adultery is the exception rather than the rule Both men and women are remarkably faithful to their partners Nearly 75 of married men and 85 of married women say they have never been unfaithful 2 People in this country are divided into 3 categories according to how often they have sex One third have sex twice a week or more one third a few times a month and one third a few times a year or not at all 3 Homosexuality is lower than the 10 reported by Kinsey and widely reported since then 2 8 of men and 1 4 of women identify themselves as homosexual or bisexual 9 of men and 4 of women report that they have had a sexual experience with someone of the same sex since puberty Stigmatization leads to lack of reports for this subject 4 Married couples have the most sex they enjoy it the most and they are the most likely to have orgasms Nearly 40 of married people have sex twice a week compared to 25 for singles 5 What is the most significant dimension of sexuality relating biological and social contexts of behavior and desire Gender Gender relates to the biological and social contexts of sexual behavior and desire Women and men often want and expect different things from heterosexual love and sex 6 According to Rubin and most other similar studies women depend on emotional attachment to call up the sexual while men rely on the sexual to spark the emotional quoted in Zinn et al 2015 p 240 7 What is emotion work in the love relationship and how does it relate to women vs men Emotion work is when women work on their emotions and feelings to coincide with what should be felt They do this in order to control and direct love relationships in a useful direction In contrast men tend to fall in love more quickly and less deliberately than women Men manage love less believing that romantic love is by its nature something that cannot be controlled it occurs automatically Chapter