UGC 112 1st Edition Lecture 17 Outline of Current Lecture I. War, Production and CultureII. Main Pointsa. Relevance for TodayIII. Revolution in MexicoIV. Broad Reform MovementsV. Cultural Modernism, 1VI. Cultural Modernism, 2VII. Nations and Race: Europe and USAVIII. Making a Chinese NationIX. India: Invented TraditionsCurrent LectureThe Masses, 2War Production and CultureEurope is ramping up for WWIMain Points- Cultural Modernism—the whole sense that cultures around the world had a new sort of standard, originated in Europe and imposed elsewhere around the world- Changed conceptions about race and nations--Distressing about this period—ideas about race, race and religion became confused. There was an idealized sortof nationalism.Relevance for today: - Creating ‘nations’ within ‘states’—different roots within them that have conflicting objectives. Think of Afghanistan… many states in Africa- Reform vs. Reformationo Don’t underestimate reform’s importance. It is much harder than revolution- National self-images: who creates them?o What stands for a nation or a state? What is the symbol of the US? These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Flag, bald eagle, Statue of Liberty, Constitution- How are negative images of groups developed?o Contrast between negative and positive images is stark. Negative images are part of nation buildingGreeting of the day: Meng Galabar = “good morning” in BurmeseRice is Burma’s source of income…Burma used to be called Mayanmar and this used to be one of the major rice-producing places in the worldRevolution in MexicoPicture: excellent political propaganda, in Spanish Tierra Libertad (land freedom and food) Notice that they are all men, swords, and soldiers. Notice the age of the members (not young ornew members of the military)- Diaz Regime—a guy who had power from 1876-1911. He cooperated with a major outside power in the north. - Major issues—5% of people owned 95% of the land. There was a reason that there werefour quadrants here- Multi-concerned fight: Long term effort. Involved four competing groupso Peasant armieso Cowboyso Constitutionalists—let’s have reformo Military leaders- Toll-1911-1920 is the time frame of the revolutiono Took a toll of one million people: this was nearly ten percent of Mexico’s population: great peasant revolution (set the pattern for what was to come later in China)- Implicationso Land is not guaranteed, freedom did not exist,Broad Reform Movements- Social security systems—Otto Van Bismark started social securityHe was a strong conservative, wanted to maintain the balance of power in Europe. Wanted to make Germany great- Worker protection laws—deeply concerned with violence upsetting rapid growth Germany was going through- Family Assistance—ensuring maternity leave, a pension scheme o He started a welfare state, widely accepted in EuropeCultural Modernism, 1Picture: aspects of African cultureNotice two faces on the right…primitive/tribal artWomen in this picture, compared to none at all in one from MexicoWomen of Avignon Pablo Picasso—lived to be well over 90. He was important in cultural modernism. - From Catalonia (NE Spain)- His first word was pencil- Other art forms as well, music moved away from tonality…turn to pentatonic scales—experimental poetry is another example- WWI before and after - Popular press became significant, it shaped images (yellow journalism—the whole notion that newspaper would pursue a viciously partisan point of view) Cultural Modernism, 2Chinese—braided hair sign of subjugation to Qing dynastyFrance, Japan, China, Queen Victoria, Germany in picture- Shifts in China itself: Boxer Rebellion, efforts to change from within- External Influences, territory was grabbedHong Kong and the new territory… all grabbing treaty ports- Local elements—rebellions were becoming more significant. - Science and advance in engineering—science made huge leaps forward, on culture and the way which people lived o Nicholas Tesla—statue of him stands in Niagara Falls Alternating current (he was AC guy, not DC) makes it possible to transmit electrical currentNations and Race, Europe and USAOne of the very first American black people W.E.B DuBois—died in 1963 in GhanaHe was the first black to receive a doctorate in psychology. He got his PhD in Germany, graduated from Harvard“Color line” was the problem—aka race- Growing Racism: Three important factorso 1. Social Darwinism*--implications of this doctrine were big. Described the idea that animals and plants, compete in a struggle for existence in which natural selection results in “survival of the fittest.” Social Darwinism has shown people trying to reduce the power of the government. Many people believes that this concept explains the philosophical rationalization behind racism, imperialism and capitalism.Gave Europeans a sense that they had the right to rule so much of the world and it was justified in taking over Africa o 2. Immigration Paradox—Chinese Exclusion acts. American policy began to shift as many people from Southern and Eastern and Central Europe o 3. Anti-Semitism—Jews received rights but those were gradually withdrawn due to pressures of self interested groups of people Dreyfus: fine officer but was accused of espionage and treason. These were fabricated causes. Spent years of his life in prison before he was freed Forgery written by the Russian secret police—protocol of the elders of Zion. Still circulates around world today Henry Ford Making a Chinese NationChina had three different choices it could make in the 19th century- What path to follow?Second choice: Adopt with modifications: take some good aspects, be in a sense like Japan with its railroads and electricity. Gradual rules in political reformalternative: reject it allSino- Japanese War—fought between the Qing dynasty and the Meiji Japan primarily over KoreaNationalism: Sun Yat-sen---father of China’s nationTai Ping Rebellion: failed revolution of the 19th century. ‘Double Ten’—ten, ten, eleven aka 10/10/1911 or October 10, 1911- This day was significant because it is the anniversary of the Wuchang Uprising. It signified the ending of more than 2000 years of dynastic rule in China and ushered in theRepublican Era