Chapter 11 Guided Notes What attracts us to other people Why does proximity matter 1 opportunity more opportunities to talk and get to know a neighbor classmate 2 Anticipatory Linking we tend to like those more with whom we think we are going to interact an adaptive strategy to make our lives easier 3 Mere Exposure Effect repeated exposure breeds liking like things we see a lot in things letters of the alphabet advertised products in people familiar faces are liked more fear of strangers What is the physical attractiveness stereotype We have a tendency to initially like people we find attractive We tend to think that attractive people have other good traits as well what is beautiful is good bias Also known as the what is beautiful is good bias What is the matching phenomenon We don t all end up with or even approach the most attractive people around us The tendency to choose partners who are equal to ourselves in attractiveness and other traits List two reasons for the matching phenomenon 1 avoid rejection seek acceptance 2 desire for a good fit to feel equality in their relationships How do we judge attractiveness What are some trends in what we find attractive 1 looking average the composite of a group of faces will look more attractive than the individual faces why easier to categorize 2 symmetry symmetrical faces tend to be seen as the most attractive why Signal of health 3 marks of fertility or vigor waist hip ratio strong jaw line 4 being nice what is good is beautiful nice friend people are seen as attractive as we fall in love with people we find them more attractive What attracts us to other people Is there more evidence for birds of a feather or opposites attract Bird of a feather we are initially attracted to those who share our attitudes and values natural mimicry increases liking shared attitudes traits values related to relationship satisfaction people tend to become more similar over time friend groups and spouses tend to be similar in physical appearance height attractiveness backgrounds culture education social identity race ethnicity religion opposites attract surface similarity age race height is not as important as deep level similarity attitudes values personality traits couples who seem dissimilar make have very similar backgrounds interests personality quirks etc we may look for people with traits that we aspire to have certain straits in spouses seems to predict relationship happiness even if the other spouse does not possess them Which personality traits predict relationship happiness even if only one partner has them agreeableness conscientious and emotionally stable all predict relationship happiness What is the reward theory of attraction Give an example We like those who reward us or whom we associate with rewards Explains similarity reward of validation this person who is exactly like me is really great physical attractiveness reward of association you are praised for being with an attractive partner proximity reward of convenience We like people more when our surroundings are pleasant they remind us of someone we like they are associated with a positive event or activity What is love Fill out the dashed boxes for Sternberg s Triangle Liking intimacy Romantic love passion intimacy Companionate intimacy commitment Infatuation passion Empty love commitment Consummate love intimacy passion commitment Fatuous love passion commitment Define passion intense longing or union with another biological arousal attributed to an individual you find attractive as a relationship develops passion decreases Define commitment the cognitive decision to love a persona and maintain that love as a relationship develops commitment increases gradually at first and then grows more rapidly Define Intimacy passion commitment the emotional attachment to an individual based on closeness sharing support and communication As relationship develops intimacy grows steadily then levels off Describe fatuous love basis of a relationship is passion Describe companionate love deep affectionate attachment that develops over time sexual attraction matters less shared values and admiration matter more describes marriages that become long term friendships Describe romantic love a relationship filled with romance and mutual appreciation but no commitment typically describes the beginning of most relationships Describe consummate love a relationship in which the couple desires one another feels deeply connected to one another and commits to one another thought to be rare and most enduring How do relationships function SEE NEXT PAGE FOR CHART TO FILL OUT In relationships self disclosure is reciprocal and gradual How can self disclosure stifle a relationship If too much is revealed too fast and get awkward Attachment Type Definition Relationships tend to be Parent child relationships Romantic relationships tend to be healthy don t want parents to leave but trust they will come back Enjoys getting close to partner does not worry about being abandoned Tend to be emotional and unstable Don t trust parents will return may become hostile Very insecure and jealous Tend to not last or never even occur Show little emotion when parent leaves or returns Very distant and non committal Secure marked by liking and trust individual has little no concerns about self worth Pre occupied A relationship marked by anxiety ambivalence and possessiveness individuals tend to have low feelings of self worth and high liking of each other Avoidant A relationship marked by low commitment and attachment stemming either from distrust of others or fear of rejection Chapter 12 Guided Notes Why do we help Define Social Exchange Theory in our interactions with others we aim to minimize costs and maximize benefits relates to helping behaviors Examples of costs rewards for helping Costs guilt internal social exclusion external Rewards pride self esteem internal social approval friendship reciprocations external What two social norms predict helping behavior list and define 1 reciprocity norm the expectation to help those who have helped you universal belief in balance 2 the expectation to help those in need How does the social responsibility norm differ across cultures In collectivist cultures a strong norm In individualist cultures can depend on attributions did you deserve it How do evolutionary motivations explain helping 1 we want to ensure our genetic survival so we help those who are related to us kin selection we tend to
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