Organizational Behavior Chapter 1 Outline Four topics provide valuable insights for understanding and managing people 1 The human relations movement and the contingency approach 2 The age of human and social capital 3 The merging field of positive organizational behavior 4 The e business revolution and implications for OB and managing people The Human Relations Movement After legalization of union management collective bargaining in 1935 management began looking for ways to effectively deal with employees like improving working conditions Behavioral scientists conducting on the job research started calling for more attention to the human factor 1 The Hawthorne Legacy a Manipulate a variety of workplace factors and measure the effects on worker performance lighting temperature rest breaks b Showed that data given research can guide managerial action improving individual needs supportive supervision and group dynamics can improve performance 2 The Writing of Mayo and Follet Civilization 3 McGregor s Theory Y a Mayo tend to employees emotional needs The Human Problems of an Industrial b Follet motivate performance instead of demand it pull not push method logical bridge between political democracy and a cooperative spirit in the workplace a Doing away with a pessimistic and negative theory X treatment of employees b Moving towards Theory Y a modern and positive set of assumptions about people at work The Human Side of Enterprise c Theory X self energized committed responsible and creative beings The Contingency Approach Human Capital Think BIG Using management concepts and techniques in a situationally appropriate manner instead of trying to rely on one best way don t use a hammer unless the job involves nails Helps managers realistically interrelate individuals groups and organizations Productive potential of an individual s knowledge and actions Employees with human capital give the organization a competitive advantage Training work based development opportunities learning activities outside of work career planning Social Capital Productive potential resulting from strong relationships goodwill trust and cooperative effort Can be specific to your current job or more generic and service you across jobs Internal mentoring relationships to provide guidance and opportunities External conference attendance to meet people at other companies and learn of other job opportunities The Positive Psychology Movement History psychologists focused on what was wrong with people Positive psychology focusing on human strengths and potential as way to possibly prevent mental and behavioral problems and improve general quality of life Positive OB The study and application of positively oriented human resource strengths and psychological capacities that can be measured developed and effectively managed for performance improvement in today s workplace Luthan s CHOSE model of Key POB Dimensions o Confidence self efficacy success in executing given task in given context o Hope willpower goal setter self motivated o Optimism emotional and linked with happiness perseverance and success o Subjective well being evaluation and satisfaction of life o Emotional intelligence recognizing and managing one s emotions E business and Technology Impact Using information communication technologies to facilitate every aspect of running a business Companies don t need to be giant companies to compete because of technology Telecommuters work on average 19 more hours per week before noting work family conflict Technology allows us to seemingly defy the law of physics by being in more than one place at a time Collaboration of overseas business transfer technology is exchange for access to home markets o The question become not only what to share but how much and with whom Computer programs now execute trades changes stock exchange to analytics instead of quick thinking on the floor Customer service oriented leaders instead of ego centered leaders The study of moral issues and choices Business ethics continue to hit new lows Causes of unethical behavior pressure to perform and look good for bosses no consequences will occur physical environment pressures incentives Unethical behavior is persuasive Person should 1 Consider the ethical implication of their actions circumstances 2 Want to do the right thing and have the courage to act Ethics CSR Corporations have obligations to others beyond stakeholders and beyond the bounds of law or contract Controversy are business responsible for environments when they are mainly there to produce goods and stimulate the economy Arche B Caroll model of ethics o Trends economic globalization expanding CSR expectations the class for improved business ethics o Levels make a profit to fulfil economic responsibility obey the law to fulfill legal responsibility ethical practices in other countries for ethical responsibility good corporate citizens in other countries to fulfill philanthropic responsibility The Magnificent Seven General Moral Principles for Managers 1 Dignity of human life the lives of people should be respected 2 Autonomy all persons are intrinsically valuable and have the right to self determination 3 Honesty truth told to those who have the right to know it 4 5 Fairness treat people justly 6 Humaneness actions accomplish good avoid evil 7 The common good accomplish the greatest good for the greatest number of people Loyalty honor promises and contracts Improve Organization s Ethical Climate Behave ethically yourself Screen potential employees Development a meaningful code of ethics Provide ethics training Reinforce ethical behavior Create positions to deal with ethics Five Sources of OB Research Insights 1 Meta analysis pooling to focus on patterns 2 Field studies individual or group processes in an organizational setting 3 4 Sample surveys specified population 5 Case studies in depth analysis Laboratory manipulation and measurements
View Full Document
Unlocking...