Chapter 4 Notes channels Hearing biological activity that involves reception of a message through sensory Listening involves reception attention perception meaning and response Motivation and concentration is essential Paraphrasing making a summary of the ideas you have just received Perception person takes material and attempts to analyze what has been input Perceptual filter strains stimuli you receive you receive to separate what makes sense from what doesn t so you can organize and interpret the message Linear learners listeners materials presented in structured ways straight line Global listeners learners generalized description and can visualize Red flags words that have negative reactions and trigger emotional responses Questions are effective because they demonstrate receiving the message Speaker s credibility trustworthiness competence and dynamism can lead the listener to accept or reject the message Message itself needs to be well ordered and organized in order to concentrate The channel is important because some are auditory and some are visual External and internal variables diminish the effectiveness of the speaker Time plays a role because you can t be distracted or busy Discriminative listening attempt to distinguish auditory and visual stimuli understand differences in verbal sounds and non verbal behavior Comprehension listening objective is to recognize and retain the information Clarifying and confirming are essential to improve concentration Therapeutic listening requires a listener to learn when to ask questions when the stimulate further discussion and when to give advice Critical listening centers on the listener evaluating the message that s received o Personal appeal of the speaker arguments and evidence motivational appeals assumptions on part of the speaker what is not said Appreciative listening takes place when a person engages in enjoyment of or sensory stimulation to a message such as listening to humorous speakers Listener apprehension fear of misinterpreting inadequately processing or not being able to adjust psychologically to messages sent by others Improve your listening o Turn off phones recognize both people share the responsibility suspend judgment be a patient listener avoid ego speak be careful with emotions improve your posture control distractions tune into the speaker s cues paraphrase visualize
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