MIDTERM EXAM 1 Robichaux Section 5 February 2009 YOUR NAME Last name First name YOUR UA NetID YOU MUST CHOOSE THE SINGLE BEST ANSWER FOR EACH QUESTION YOU MUST USE A NUMBER 2 PENCIL 1 Which of the following violates one of the conditions necessary for Hardy Weinberg 3 For the mockingbird population in question 2 the equilibrium frequency of the genotype equilibrium a Mating is nonrandom b There is no mutation c Population size is small d There is no differential migration e a and c but not b and d 2 A mockingbird population exhibits Hardy Weinberg equilibrium A single gene locus in the population has the alternate alleles M and m If the frequency of the allele M is 0 9 then the frequency of the allele m is a 0 3 b 0 2 c 0 9 d 0 09 e none of the above mm is a 0 1 b 0 2 c 0 09 d 0 01 e none of the above the genotype Mm is a 0 9 b 0 18 c 0 01 d 0 09 e none of the above a mating individuals are less closely related than those drawn at random from the population b the frequency of the heterozygotes decreases c there is a change in allelic frequencies d all of the above e b and c but not a 4 In addition for the mockingbird population in question 2 the equilibrium frequency of 5 With inbreeding 1 6 Based on the discussion in lecture about genetic drift 8 Based on the discussion in lecture about evolution 9 Based on the discussion in lecture about natural selection 7 A small population of koalas has 6 breeding females and 12 breeding males The individual disperse and establish a new population a genetic drift affects genotypic frequencies but not allelic frequencies b the rate at which genetic variation is lost increases as the effective population size decreases c genetic drift may be important during the colonization process when a few individuals d all of the above e b and c but not a effective population size is a 6 b 12 c 18 d 4 e none of the above a outbreeding causes an increase in the frequencies of the homozygotes b evolution by mutation acting alone appears to be very common in natural populations c effective population size is influenced by variation in the number of gametes produced per d all of the above e a and c but not b a once mutation generates some variation sexual reproduction generates additional variation b there must be genetic variation affecting fitness before natural selection can operate c the ultimate source of genetic variation affecting fitness is mutation d all of the above e b and c but not a a there is a change in the mean trait value in the population b there is an increase in the variance for the trait values in the population but no change in the mean trait value c there is a reduction in the variance for the trait values in the population but no change in the mean trait value d none of the above a quantitative traits include measurable characters such as beak depth tail length swimming b quantitative traits are those for which there are discrete phenotypic classes c quantitative traits are determined by the combined influence of the environment and the d all of the above e a and c but not b Daphne Major Island in the Galapagos a significant variation in beak depth exists in the population b beak depth had low heritability c birds with deeper beaks are able to crack and eat larger and harder seeds d all of the above e a and c but not b genotype at many different loci speed and cognitive ability 12 Based on the research of the Grants and their students on medium ground finches on 11 Based on the discussion in lecture about quantitative traits 10 In stabilizing selection 2 population 13 When the Grants and their students examined the beak depths of adult finches that 16 Based on the discussion in lecture the heritability of the trait in question 15 equals survived the severe drought of 1977 they found that mean beak depth in the population a had increased reflecting differences in viability b had not changed c had decreased reflecting differences in viability 14 When the Grants and their students compared the beak depths of finches hatched or born during the year after compared to the year before the drought they found that a mean beak depth had decreased as a result of directional selection b mean beak depth had increased as a result of stabilizing selection c mean beak depth was unchanged reflecting the low heritability of beak depth in the d none of the above 15 You measure swimming speed for parents and offspring in a population of swordfish where swimming speed is a quantitative trait You plot the midoffspring trait values against the midparent trait values From the relationship you determine that 95 of the variation among the parents is due to variation in their environments The heritability of swimming speed is thus a 0 95 b 0 05 c neither of the above a the y intercept of the relationship in your plot b the mean midparent trait value minus the mean offspring trait value c the slope of the relationship in your plot d none of the above lighter or heavier than the population mean have significantly higher mortality This pattern of mortality has resulted in a stabilizing selection for birth weight b directional selection for birth weight c neither of the above weight a has increased over time b has remained constant over time c has decreased over time d none of the above of a genetic anomaly b developmental homology c inheritance of acquired characteristics d embryonic analogy e none of the above example of natural selection within the body of a single patient Based on the discussion in the text which of the following statements is FALSE a the mutation conferring resistance occurred in the rpoB gene b rifampin interferes significantly with transcription in bacterial cells with the mutation c the mutation conferring resistance resulted in heritable variation in the bacterial population d under normal conditions the mutant form of RNA polymerase does not work as well as the 19 Gill pouches and tails in the embryos of chickens cats and humans serve as examples 17 Especially in human populations without access to modern medicine babies born 18 Because of the pattern of mortality discussed in question 17 the variance in birth 20 Resistance to antibiotics in the bacterium causing tuberculosis provides a classic more common form 3 21 In the global carbon cycle the biological process primarily responsible for removing 23 Based on the discussion in lecture about the Earth system 24 According to the discussion in lecture the primary causes for the increase