SI Exam 3 Chapter 7 Part 1 2 Warm up Mallory has two exams today One is in French and the other is in history Last night she studied French before history When she gets to her history test all she can remember is French Mallory s memory is suffering from A cue dependent forgetting B proactive interference old info interferes with learning new info C decay D retroactive interference In the famous case of H M after having part of his brain removed he could no longer A pay attention to specific stimuli B retrieve memories C form new memories After HM s hippocampus was removed he lost the ability to move memories from STM to LTM D make sense of memories When a person s is damaged or removed anterograde amnesia results A hippocampus anterograde Inability to form any new memories Anterograde is often the result of cases like HM s when a person s hippocampus is removed or damaged B prefrontal lobe C amygdala D cerebellum Formal concepts clearly defined by a set of rules or properties Each member of the concept meets all the rules or has all the defining properties and no nonmember does Example A square is a formal concept All members of the concept are shapes with four equal sides and four right angle corners Nothing that is not a square shares these properties Natural concepts defined by a general set of features not all of which must be present for an object to be considered a member of the concept Example The concept of vegetable is a natural concept There are no rules or lists of features that describe every single vegetable Many vegetables are difficult to recognize as such because this concept is so fuzzy Tomatoes are not vegetables but most people think they are Rhubarb is a vegetable but most people think it is not Activity 1 Prototypes A strong example of a NATURAL concept Write down a tool a color and a flower I bet 60 80 will write down hammer red and rose b c these are common prototypes of the concepts tool color and flower Prototypes come to mind most easily when people try to think of a concept Activity 2 Four different approaches to problem solving Problem Solving Trial and Error Heuristic Insight Algorithm Representa tive Availability Activity 3 Using the problem given come up with an example of how you could solve the problem using the 4 different approaches to problem solving You are packing up to move to LSU and you have one more box to fit in the trunk of your car but it looks like there is no room left You don t want to leave the box behind How will you solve this problem Approach Trial and error Algorithm Heuristics Insight Solution One possible solution after another is tried until a successful one is found Keep placing the box in various places and positions in your car until you find one that works Very specific step by step procedures for solving certain types of problems Go online and find a website that deal with physics Enter in the dimensions of your car and the exact dimensions of every box and item that you are trying to fit in your car Get a printout of the optimal placement for each box and follow it step by step to fit everything in An educated guess based on prior experiences that helps narrow down the possible solutions for a problem also known as a rule of thumb Think back to how your mom always told you to pack the big things first and then squeeze the little ones in Take your boxes out and pack them again using this general rule of thumb to guide you sudden perception of a solution to a problem Sit back with your friends for a few minutes and relax As you are talking with your friends all of a sudden you remember that your family has a container that attaches to the top of the car Strap the container on put the box in the container and head off to the best school ever Activity 3 Decide if the situation described below is an example of an availability or a REPRESENTATIVE heuristic Representative Heuristic Availability Heuristic After examining a patient Dr White recognizes symptoms characteristic of a disease that has a base rate frequency of 1 in 22 million people Instead of looking for a more frequently occurring explanation of the symptoms the doctor decides that the patient has this very rare disease She makes this decision based on the similarity of this set of symptoms example to those of the rare disease a larger class of events or items an assumption that any object or person sharing characteristics with members of a particular category is also a member of that category A friend of yours has just moved to New Orleans You cannot understand why he has moved there since the crime rate is so high You hear from a mutual acquaintance that your friend is in the hospital You assume that he was probably mugged because this is the most available information in your mind about New Orleans Judging the probability of an event by how easily examples of the event come to mind leads to biased judgments Activity 4 Things that inhibit our problem solving process Decide what barrier to effective problem solving the problem represents 1 irrelevant information Amelia is taking the science portion of the ACT She gets overwhelmed on all of the information in the paragraph and is distracted by the unnecessary data sets This is an example of 2 Functional Fixedness Caroline is at a part for her 21st birthday and wants to celebrate with some wine However she can t find a wine opener Despite having some screws and pliers in the shed she doesn t realize she can use that to open the wine 3 Mental Set Ashleigh is working on a multiple choice math exam On previous problems on her homework and the exam she was just able to plug the numbers into the quadratic formula For this problem and got them all right For this problem she keeps using the quadratic formula but not getting an answer contained in the multiple choice Frantic she continues to plug the numbers into the formula multiple times despite nothing changing 4 Confirmation Bias For a motor learning experiment Abby has to place dots in boxes of varying degrees of difficulty As the degree of difficulty increases the margin of error should increase too Abby notices the margin of error decreasing She decides she must have miscounted and adjusts the numbers to reflect the accurate trend Activity 5 Language Match the appropriate term to the definition Grammar Syntax Semantics Pragmatics Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis Cognitive Universalism Language Phoneme Morpheme Language Linguistic relativity hypothesis Grammar
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