Ch 2 Review Psych Final Exam Review In the brain behavior chapter what are the main goals Subcortical level Cortical level CNS PNS ANS What are the structures of the Central Nervous System Brain and spinal cord What are the structures of the Peripheral Nervous System Somatic Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System What and where is the sub cortex and what does it control in the Central Nervous System Below cerebral cortex Controls vital functions Controls hunger thirst breathing sleeping Where is the hindbrain And what is in it Very bottom Medulla Connects brain and spinal cord carrying out vital functions specifically respiratory functions body temperature Pons up to left right above medulla Job connect medulla to other brain areas and controls parts of sleep and wake cycle Cerebellum right Looks like a mini brain Involved coordinating with movement and balance fine tuning Classically conditioning reflects pop goes the weasel makes think of ice cream Where is the forebrain located and what does it do Front part of brain Helps regulate behavior What is in the forebrain and what are its functions Thalamus relay station for all senses except smell Hypothalamus underneath Involved with controlling automatic body processes EX involved with organizing information to decide whether to act Also controls pituitary gland realizing hormones to control automatic body processes What are parts of the limbic system What does it do Hypothalamus Parts of Thalamus Amygdala Involved in processing threat related stimuli knowing because amygdala is activated when see or process anger or feat and processing emotion Hippocampus memory and navigating All in involved in memory emotion and motivated behavior Cerebral cortex contains what of neurons in CNS 70 Why are humans more intelligent then just about all other animals Ability to use language Make tools Develop complex skills Live in complex social groups What are the 2 sides to the cerebral hemisphere Left side controls right side of body Right side controls left side of body What does the left side control Language Math Time Rhythm Coordinating complex movements speech Picks up on small details What does the right side control Faces Perceptual Skills Patterns Melodies Puzzles Drawing Express Emotion Detect that are felt by other people Understand jokes and humor Understand overall context in which something is said Sarcasm Each hemisphere is separated in lobes but what do lobes have Primary areas 1 task responsible for different functions Association areas help out primary areas don t specifically process motor or sensory functions no specific function however combines and processes info related to motor or sensory functions What is in the frontal lobe and what does it do Frontal lobe Higher mental abilities and sense of self Carl Rogers understanding personality and movement Primary area Motor cortex back of frontal lobe area associated with control of movement directs muscles Association areas Broca s area Part of left front association area Speech production Boca means mouth In front lobe problem producing speech and writing Grammar and pronunciation is slow and takes a lot of work to talk Brocas aphasia Prefrontal area prefrontal cortex related to complex behaviors sense of self reasoning planning and being related to personality What is the parietal lobe What is in it and what does it do Bodily sensations process touch temperature and pressure Primary somatosensory area or cortex bodily sensations are processed Body sensations sent opposite Left touched right process right touch left processed Association areas located closest receive from only 1 sensory system What is the temporal lobe What is in it and what does it do Related to hearing and processing auditory information Primary auditory area processes auditory information Wernicke s area processes the meaning of auditory information specifically language Produce speech fine but just makes no sense What is the occipital lobe What is in it and what does it do Eyes vision sight primary vision area Primary visual area processes visual information Fusiform Facial Area processes faces Facial Prosopangosia Agnosia damage cant Process any faces Give some information on the Central Nervous System Spinal cord Distributes motor fibers to glands and muscles Collects somatosensory information to be cast onto the brain 2 3 as long as the vertebrae column Rest of the space is filled with spinal roots Spinal nerves Carry messages to and from the spinal cord 31 pairs Cervical neck Thoracic chest Lumbar lower back Sacral between the lower back and tailbone Reflex arc Spinal cord controls an automatic response to a stimulus When you touch something hot sensory neurons connector motor activates effector cells muscle to remove hand from the heat all happens in the spinal cord Give some information on the Peripheral Nervous System Somatic Nervous System SNS System of nerves linking spinal cord with sense organs and skeletal muscles Controls movement of skeletal muscles Involved in activities associated with the expenditure of energy from resources stored in the body Increases heart rate Makes ready to act Autonomic Nervous System ANS System of nerves linking spinal cord with internal organs and glands Controls automatic heart rate digestion Involved in activities associated with the expenditure of energy Sympathetic branch from resources stored in the body Increases heart rate Makes ready to act Parasympathetic branch Involved in activities associated with increases in your body supply of stored energy Mental and physical condition that occurs when we must adjust or adapt to Ch 13 Review What is stress the environment Can be positive or negative What is a stressor Condition or event that challenges or threatens a person What is stressful Appraisal process lazarus How stressful something is depends on how we think about it Primary appraisal decides if relevant and if it s a threat or not Am I okay or in trouble Secondary appraisal Where we decide how to cope with a threat or challenge What can I do about the situation How do we react to stress Reaction formation an individual acts out opposite behavior to block threatening impulses or feelings Owe bank 500 but go on shopping spree Not positive Projection lower our anxiety by exaggerating negative traits in other people Not positive Negative traits be our own feelings shortcomings or unacceptable impulses Positive ways of stress Compensation working really hard