slavery and African Americans in the US 03 17 2015 Early US slavery 1770 1800 Coastal areas Virginia south Carolina Georgia Produced tobacco and rice Slaves outnumber whites Slave codes acts in order to keep a strict hold on the slaves o Hold through till civil war o Enforce a strict racial hierarchy o No more indentured servants all slaves are black some free blacks tho o Illegal for a slave to know how to read and write and for a white person to teach them o slaves property cotton gin cotton is tough stringy fibrous hard to pick and clean it by hand higher quality cottons are easier but only grow in limited environments Eli Whitney 1794 o Machine that separated the seeds out of cotton o With this invention the US has an interest in taking Native American land and in expanding slavery o US in 1800 1 world total of cotton produced in the world o US in 1860 66 of world total o 50 bails of cotton to 1 3 billion o fashion US expansion slavery expansion Internal slave trade Slight problem in 1780s when it looked like their wasn t a need for slaves the country outlawed importing new slaves Virginia slave owners start selling their own slaves o sold down the river FREE TEST QUESTION Germantown PA is an example of what A an ethnic enclave B exogamous enclave C endogamous enclave D catholic enclave E an area actually settled by Dutch migrants despite its name Slave resistance Slaves not simply accepting fate Passive resistance Active resistance o Ex work slow downs Run aways Form of resistance Goals laying out violence rebellion revolts poisoning slave trying to poison master Nat Turner s rebellion 1832 rebellions o Very religious o Secret slave religious meetings Free African Americans In the south mostly in cities as domestic servants in hotels laborers some carpenters African Americans in northern states too Fugitive slave laws Pushed to the side of societies Solomon Northup Carpenter and musician from new york Offered money to join a traveling band Goes with them but one night in Virginia he wakes up shackled and they take his papers away and enslave him 12 years in servitude Edwin Epps is the cotton plantation owner when he s freed he writes a book Irish and German immigration in the 1800 s 03 17 2015 Ireland 1600 s 1800 s In the 1800 s nearly half of the immigrants to the US originated from Ireland Second highest ancestry group in US Very catholic o This is problem when the English is colonizing them First immigrant group to come to US in large numbers that are not protestant Protestant vs catholic Dominated by English o Remember Ireland was English s first adventure settlement Very strict laws about where catholic churches can be and about economics and politics Catholics couldn t hold office vote or inherit land Also laws against Irish owning fire arms English making it hard for Irish to learn reading and writing By 1800s English own 95 of the land Extreme poverty 9 000 people 10 beds 93 chairs exact numbers aren t imp on test one thing Irish has going for them potatoes o high caloric output for little land o most Irish people only ate potatoes o population completely dependent on potato crops push factors for Irish leaving Ireland poverty persecution by English Napoleonic wars 1798 1815 1815 1825 100 000 emigrate push factors part 2 great potato famine 1845 52 o huge push factor o 250 000 in 1847 alone 1 million during famine o coffin ships pull factors jobs US is an English speaking country US not controlled by the British English Ethnic enclaves Irish in America 75 NYC avoiding south because of slave labor so they can t compete in the south cus they need money to buy land south Boston and five points these ethnic enclaves slums had no sewage and facilities most are poor and can t leave the north east anyways but these were a step above where they were living in Ireland community support networks help people find jobs huge voting influences for politicians stereotypes unskilled labor carrying boards not building a lot were forced to sign contracts to move to west to help build factory jobs railroads factor of success numbers Americans become nervous that Irish are gunna take over 1850 25 of NYC was Irish 1880s more Irish in America then in Dublin Irish ARE catholic not a stereotype Catholic crocodiles Irish throwing Americans in the water Americans scared of the large number of Irish coming over Drunks o Can be an escape from their lives of poverty and hardship Lazy o Instead of thinking they are dying because of the famine and lack of jobs they contribute it to Irish being too lazy too make a living Unintelligent Fighting Life in 5 points and other enclaves Jobs o People who got factory jobs had more security cus they had a job every day compared to labor Ragpickers recyclers they would find scraps of cloth or paper or glass to be resold to companies or used by themselves families A lot of women mostly single women had to resort to prostitution Prosecuted for the sake of the man not woman they didn t want the man s soul to be tainted Horrid conditions BUT saving accounts o People of five points put emphasis on saving their money o Emigrant savings bank still exists today o Chain migration slowly bringing more and more people over from their families Anti Irish immigrant backlash Nativism anti immigration know two different definitions American citizens who consider themselves to be natives of America and want to protect America for Americans They even call themselves Native Americans but they are the WASPs These groups were very anti Catholic and anti immigrant These were the people that feared Irish would take over US They would form gangs and clubs know nothing party they didn t talk about their club or anything talked about within eventually the secret got out because they were the strongest political party against immigrants NINA no Irish need apply Irish and racial tensions White race African Americans Irish Irish and 5 factors of success Language Money Location Numbers Stereotypes How did Irish succeed in America Language was a big factor Chinese Italian and eastern European immigrants Community support networks Hard work Political process o If American gets someone right off the ship their first meal and a job etc you have a guarantee vote could be corrupt in some situations though Test question In Tyler Anbinders article the Irish immigrants went from famine to End of 1800s Fine feasts Hard ships South boston Five points Civil war Gangs of New York Bill the butcher
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